Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The Context of Post-Conflict Administration -- Outline of the Argument -- Methodology, Approach and Selection of Cases -- PART I MAPPING THE CONCEPT: THE ADMINISTRATION OF TERRITORY AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF STATES FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- Chapter 1. Early Forms of International Administration -- A. The Saar Basin and the Free City of Danzig -- B. The Upper Silesia Mixed Commission -- C. The Proposed UN Administration of the Cities of Jerusalem and Trieste -- D. Post-war Germany -- E. The United Nations Temporary Executive Authority in West Irian -- Chapter 2. Evolving Peace Operations -- A. ONUC: Assisting the Congolese Government -- B. The United Nations Council for South West Africa -- C. Cambodia: Focusing on Elections -- D. Restoring Peace and Stability in Somalia -- E. Co-administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina -- F. The Transitional Administration for Eastern Slovenia -- Chapter 3. UN International Administrations, the 'Light Footprint' Approach and the Occupation of Iraq -- A. The United Nations Interim Administration in Kosovo -- B. The United Nations Transitional Authority in East Timor -- C. Afghanistan: the 'Light Footprint' Approach -- D. The Foreign Occupation of Iraq -- PART II INTERNATIONAL LAW, POST-CONFLICT ADMINISTRATIONS AND PEACE-BUILDING. DEFINING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- Chapter 4. The Competence of the United Nations to Engage in Comprehensive Peace-building and International Territorial Administration -- A. The Capacity of the United Nations to Administer Territory outside the Trusteeship System -- B. The Legality of the Establishment of Post-confl ict Administrations and Missions -- 1. UN Security Council -- (a) Peacekeeping, Chapter VII and Implied powers -- (b) State Failure as a Threat to International Peace and Security.

(c) Security Council Action and Domestic Jurisdiction -- (d) The Security Council and Self-determination -- 2. UN General Assembly -- Chapter 5. The Legal Status of Territories and States under International Administration -- A. 'Trust Territories', 'Protectorates' and 'International(ised) Territories' -- B. Sovereignty and the Suspension or Limitation of Exclusive State Competences -- C. International Legal Personality -- Chapter 6. The Temporary Nature of Authority -- Chapter 7. Human Rights Obligations of International Actors -- A. Human Rights Obligations in Peace-building Missions -- 1. The UN Charter -- 2. Human Rights as Customary International Law -- 3. Human Rights and Foreign Military Components -- 4. Observations on the Attribution of Conduct -- B. Immunities -- C. Accountability Mechanisms in Practice: Ombudspersons and Judicial Review -- Chapter 8. The Laws of Occupation -- A. Belligerent Occupation of Foreign Territory -- 1. The Territorial Status of Occupied Territories -- 2. The Obligation to Respect the National Laws of the Occupied Territory -- B. The Laws of Occupation and Post-Confl ict Reconstruction -- 1. Peacekeeping Operations -- 2. Peace-building Operations and Enforcement Action -- 3. Post-confl ict Administration -- PART III POST-CONFLICT ADMINISTRATIONS IN PRACTICE: INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATIONS, THE 'LIGHT FOOTPRINT' APPROACH, AND THE OCCUPATION OF IRAQ -- Chapter 9. Civil Administration -- A. Basic Civil Administration -- 1. Kosovo: Replacing Parallel Structures -- 2. East Timor: The Importance of a Long-term Engagement -- 3. Afghanistan: The Challenges of Reform -- 4. 'De-ba'athifi cation' of Iraqi Society -- B. Economic Reconstruction -- 1. Kosovo's Transition towards a Free-market Economy -- 2. 'Timorising' the Economy -- 3. Afghanistan: A 'Free for All Policy'?.

4. Iraq: Economic Reconstruction and the Laws of Occupation -- C. Security Sector Reform: Building National Law Enforcement and Defence Capacity -- 1. Kosovo: Re-establishing Law and Order -- 2. Ensuring Sustainability in East Timor -- 3. Afghanistan: the Crucial Role of a Security Strategy -- 4. Iraq: Demobilisation without Disarmament -- D. Emergency Relief, Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons -- 1. Minorities in Kosovo -- 2. Refugees in West Timor -- 3. Coordinating Returns in Afghanistan -- 4. Iraq: the Prerequisite of Physical Safety -- Chapter 10. The Rule of Law and Judicial Reconstruction -- A. Re-establishing the Judicial System -- 1. Kosovo: From Emergency to Provisional Institutions -- (a) The Applicable Law Dispute -- (b) The 'Emergency Judicial System' -- (c) Initial Training, Continuous Education and Practical Skills Training -- 2. Creating a Timorese Judiciary from Scratch -- (a) 'What Law Applies in a Country That Does not yet Exist?' -- (b) Emergency Measures -- (c) Mentoring and Mandatory Judicial Training -- 3. Afghanistan: Reconstruction in a Complex Legal Environment -- (a) Finding and Compiling the Applicable Law -- (b) Institutional Reform and Physical Reconstruction -- (c) Continuous Education -- 4. Limited Reforms in Iraq -- (a) The Boundaries of Legal Reform under the Laws of Occupation -- (b) Reorganising the Judiciary -- (c) Building an Independent Judicial Capacity -- B. Promoting and Introducing Respect for Human Rights -- 1. The Kosovo Ombudsperson -- 2. East Timor: Focusing on the Adoption of New Laws -- 3. The 'Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission' -- 4. Ensuring Eff ective Human Rights Implementation Iraq -- C. Transitional Justice: How to Deal with Past Crimes? -- 1. Kosovo: International and Mixed Trials -- 2. UNTAET's Comprehensive Approach -- 3. Afghanistan and the Marginalization of Past Crimes.

4. The Iraqi Special Tribunal -- Chapter 11. Institution-building and Democratic Governance -- A. From Interim to Elected Institutions -- 1. A Constitutional Framework for Kosovo -- 2. Consultation in East Timor -- 3. 'Relatively Fair' Elections in Afghanistan -- 4. Iraq: from Foreign Occupation to National Institutions -- B. The Context of Elections: Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Association -- 1. Freedoms and Ethnic Sensitivities in Kosovo -- 2. Defamation Laws in East Timor -- 3. Afghanistan: Ensuring Implementation -- 4. Iraq: The Gap between Theory and Practice -- PART IV IMPROVING POST-CONFLICT ADMINISTRATION. A LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR COMPREHENSIVE POST-CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION -- Chapter 12. Exit Strategies and Post-confl ict Administration -- A. Focussing on 'Getting the Job Done Right Rather than on Getting Out'? -- B. In Practice: Carefully Balancing Initial and Sustainable Success -- Chapter 13. Internationalisation, Consultation and Local Ownership -- A. Local Ownership: Aim or Method? -- B. Internationalisation vs. Ownership: Internationalising the Judiciary -- Chapter 14. International Administration, the Light Footprint and Beyond -- A. UN Involvement, Planning and the Nature of the Transitional Authority -- B. A Comprehensive Approach -- C. An International Legal Framework for Post-confl ict Reconstruction: Jus Post Bellum? -- Conclusion -- The Legal Framework -- A Comprehensive Approach towards Post-confl ict Reconstruction -- Ownership, Consultation and International Authority -- Selected Literature -- I. Books -- II. Articles -- III. Treaties -- IV. Cases -- A. Permanent Court of International Justice -- B. International Court of Justice -- C. European Court of Human Rights -- D. Other -- V. OThcial Documents and Publications -- VI. Reports, Research Papers and Conference Papers -- Index.