Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Series Foreword -- Focus -- Proposals -- Commonalities in Methods -- Interviewing Basics -- Ethical Issues -- Rigor -- Data Analysis -- References -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Share Nursing Research Using Ethnography: Qualitative Designs and Methods in Nursing -- Chapter One: Overview of Ethnography -- Overview of Ethnography -- Philosophical Derivation -- Traditional Ethnography -- Early Ethnographers in Anthropology -- Early Ethnographies by Nurses -- Critical Ethnography -- Visual Ethnography -- Focused Ethnography -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Two: State of the Art in Nursing Research Using Ethnography -- Traditional Ethnographies and Early Nurse-Anthropologists -- Focused Ethnographies -- State of the Art of Nursing Literature Using Ethnography -- Inpatient Settings -- Community Settings -- Educational Settings -- Long-Term Care Settings -- Prison Settings -- Summary -- Areas of Commonality -- Areas of Difference -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter Three: Ethnographic Methods -- Conceptualization Phase -- Deciding What to Study -- Asking the Question -- Purpose Statement -- Reviewing the Literature -- Significance of the Study -- Methodological Phase -- Design -- Human Subjects Issues -- Incentives -- Instrumentation -- Participant Observation -- Semi-Structured Interviews -- Other Interviews -- Rigor -- Data Analysis -- Procedures -- Preparation for the Field -- Entering the Field -- Conducting the Research -- Sampling -- Leaving the Field -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Four: Caminando Mas Cerca Con Dios (A Closer Walk With Thee): An Ethnography of Health and Well-Being of Rural Nicaraguan Men -- Research Questions -- Definitions -- Theoretical Support -- Assumptions -- Significance -- Methodology -- Design -- Instrumentation.

Fieldwork -- Genograms -- Semi-Structured Interview Guide -- Sample -- Setting -- Nicaragua and La Reforma -- The Roberto Clemente Clinic -- Data Collection and Analysis -- Procedure for Data Collection -- Procedure for Data Analysis -- Rigor -- Procedures -- Gaining Access and Acceptance -- Process of Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Description of Cultural Informants -- Theory of Endurance -- Discussion of Domains, Categories, Subcategories, and Themes -- Subcategory of Spiritual Health -- Subcategory of Physical Health -- Subcategory of Mental Health -- Subcategory of Family and Community Health -- Domain of Health -- Endurance -- Summary -- Conclusions -- Implications for Nursing -- Recommendations for Research -- References -- Chapter Five: How to Do Ethnography -- What is Ethnography? -- Origin of Ethnography -- Types of Ethnographic Research -- Steps in Ethnographic Research -- Identification of a Culture -- Defining the Research Question -- Literature Review -- Gaining Entrance -- Acquiring Informants -- Participant Observation -- Data Collection -- Analysis and Interpretation of the Data -- Ethnographic Report -- Ethical Consideration -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Six: Implementing a Needle Exchange Program: An Ethnographic Analysis -- Research Considerations -- Conceptual Framework -- Methodology -- Rationale for Three Sites -- Summary of the Study -- Policy Communities -- Language and the Media -- Themes That Emerged From Research Findings -- How Research-Related Decisions Were Made During the Study -- Qualitative or Quantitative? -- Interview Process -- Language and Culture -- Funding Issues -- Conclusion -- Lessons Learned -- Personal Reflection -- Creativity Flourished -- References -- Chapter Seven: Experiences of a Nurse Ethnographer: From Student to Faculty -- Doing Ethnography -- Learning to Do Ethnography.

The Kentucky Experience -- The Northern Paiute Experience -- Fieldwork With the Annang of Nigeria -- Literature Reviews -- Methodology -- Sampling -- Settings for Data Collection -- Respecting the Rights of Research Subjects -- Data Analysis -- Dissemination -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Eight: Using Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Ghana: A Focused Ethnography -- Focused Ethnographies in Health Care Research -- The Study -- Research Title -- Research Objectives -- Research Background -- Significance of Malaria in Ghana -- The Importance of Accurate Diagnosis of Malaria in Ghana -- The Research Problem -- The Significance of Research -- Methodology -- Research Design -- Epistemological Perspective (Pillar One) -- Theoretical Perspective (Pillar Two) -- Methodology (Pillar Three) -- Alterity in FEs -- Background Knowledge in FEs -- Research Methods-Pillar Four -- Study Setting -- Sampling and Recruitment -- Sampling Frame and Unit Selection -- Choice of Study Setting -- Participant Selection -- Nonparticipant (Direct) Observation -- Interviews -- Document Analysis -- Data Analysis -- Reflexivity -- Rigor -- Discussion and Conclusion -- Limitations -- References -- Chapter Nine: Meta-Ethnography -- The Study -- What is Metasynthesis? -- How Was the Metasynthesis Conducted? -- Caveats of Conducting a Metasynthesis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter Ten: Application of Leininger's Ethnography/Ethnonursing Research Methodology in Studying the Zapotec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico -- Dr. Madeleine Leininger -- Leininger's Theory -- Leininger's Cultural Enablers -- Culture and Cultural Concepts -- Ethnography as a Research Methodology -- Leininger's Ethnonursing Research Methodology -- Author's Personal Journey to Meet Madeleine Leininger (Leading to the Use of Her Theory) -- Cultural Background of the Zapotec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico.

Background of the Indigenous Zapotec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico -- Cultural Assessment of the Zapotec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico, Using Leininger's Sunrise Model Enabler -- Influences -- Use of Leininger's Cultural Assessment Data: Knowledge Needed to Create Culturally Congruent Care Interventions for Zapotec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico -- Summary -- References -- On Forging Relationships -- Giving Gifts -- Chapter Twelve: Qualitative Inquiry: Once a Doubting Thomas, Now a Prophet -- The Study -- Description of the Study -- Conceptual Issues -- Methodology -- What Did I Do, and Why? -- Sample -- Institutional Review Board (Any Challenges, Privacy of Participants, Data Storage?) -- Data Collection Methods -- How Were Interviews and Observations Conducted and How Was Rigor Established? -- Data Collection Procedures -- Data Analysis -- Dissemination -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Thirteen: A Focused Ethnographic Study of Women in Recovery From Alcohol Abuse -- Background and Significance -- Research Design and Methods -- Setting and Population -- Sampling -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis and Interpretation -- Recovery Typologies -- AA as Ceremony -- AA as Grounding -- Recovery as Self-Management -- Connections -- Beyond Self -- Toward Self -- Discussion -- Clinical Implications -- Study Limitations -- Recommendations for Future Research -- References -- Chapter Fourteen: Personal Privacy and Interactional Patterns in a Nursing Home -- Review of the Literature -- Methods -- Setting -- Data Collection -- Results -- Types of Interactions in Relation to Privacy -- Interacting "As a Friend" -- Resident to Resident -- Resident to Staff -- Staff to Resident -- Staff to Staff -- Interacting "As a Stranger" -- Resident to Resident -- Resident to Staff -- Staff to Resident -- Staff to Staff -- Interacting "As an Object" -- Resident to Resident.

Resident to Staff -- Staff to Resident -- Staff to Staff -- Changing Relationships, Contexts, and Interactions -- Types of Interactions in Relation to Privacy -- Implications -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Fifteen: Cultural Variation in Behavioral Response to Parturition: Childbirth in Fiji -- Fiji -- The Fijians -- The Fiji-Indians -- Cross-Cultural Studies of Childbirth -- Cultural Patterning of Childbirth -- Methods -- The Morse Pain Stimulus Scale -- Results -- The Fijians -- The Fijian Context of Childbirth -- Hospital Delivery -- Perception of Childbirth Pain -- Assessment of the Cultural Context -- The Fiji-Indians -- Fiji-Indian Context of Childbirth -- Childbirth in a Nontraditional Setting: The Fiji-Indian -- Perception of Childbirth Pain -- Assessment of the Context of Childbirth -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Commentary to "Cultural Responses to Parturition: Childbirth in Fiji" -- Backstage Ethnography -- Backstage -- Afterward -- Implications -- References -- Appendix A: List of Journals That Publish Qualitative Research -- Nursing Journals -- References -- Appendix B: Essential Elements for a Qualitative Proposal -- Appendix C: Writing Qualitative Research Proposals -- Purpose of a Research Proposal -- Qualitative Research: Basic Assumptions -- Qualitative Research -- Kinds of Qualitative Research -- Challenges for Qualitative Researchers -- Questions a Proposal Must Answer -- Tips to Answer These Questions -- Sections of a Typical Qualitative Proposal -- Introducing the Study-First Para -- The Problem/Research Question -- Purpose of the Qualitative Study -- Literature Review -- Methods-Challenges Here -- Methods Section -- Qualitative Studies are Valuable for Research -- Sample -- Data Collection and Analysis -- Questions for Data Management and Analysis.

Trustworthiness (Soundness of the Research).