STUDIES IN TYPOLOGY AND DIACHRONY -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- List of abbreviations -- Typology and diachrony in the work of Joseph H. Greenberg -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Bibliography of the published worksof Joseph H. Greenberg -- On the asymmetries in the affixation of grammatical material -- 0 Introduction -- 1 The database and suffixation -- 2 The position of affixes in different word order types -- 3 V-final languages -- 4 V-initial languages -- 5 V-medial languages -- 6 Conclusions concerning the positioning of grammatical material -- 7 Phonological aspects of affixation -- 7.1 Anticipatory assimilation -- 7.2 The weakness of ends -- 8 The genesis of affixing -- 9 Semantic factors in affixation -- 10 Conclusion -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Prolegomena to a typology of Tough Movement -- 1 Tough Movement in English -- 2 A German analog -- 2.0 Tough Predicates in German -- 3 A Serbo-Croatian analog6 -- 4 Conclusions and prospects -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- From esses to aitches: identifying pathways of diachronic change -- 1 Sibilant to aspiration -- 1.1 Sources and outcomes -- 2 The Greek case -- 3 The Spanish case -- 3.1 Word length -- 3.2 Following segment -- 3.3 Stress -- 4 Comparison of cases -- 4.1 Phonological status -- 4.2 Conditioning factors -- 4.3 Diachrony vs synchrony -- 5 After-word -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Schizophrenic complementizers -- 1. Gallo-Italian (Romance) -- 2 Hungarian -- 3 English -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- Seeking motives for change in typological variation -- 1 Typology and language change -- 2 Synchronic predictions for diachrony -- 3 The causes of change -- 3.1 Language-external causes of change -- 3.2 Grammatical reorganization -- 3.3 Preference-based explanations for change -- 3.4 Implicationally-based explanations for change -- 3.5 Diachronic universais.

4 Motives for change in current word order preferences and implicational universais -- 4.1 Background assumptions -- 4.2 Early Immediate Constituents (EIC) -- 4.3 EIC predictions for synchronic word order universais -- 4.4 EIC and internal motives for change -- 4.5 Indo-European data on VP and ΡΡ word orders -- 5 Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- The dative in Ik and Kanuri -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Examples -- 2.1 IK-e3 -- 2.2 Kanuri-ro -- 2.3 Nominal vs verbal characteristics -- 3 Discussion -- 3.1 Structural differences -- 3.2 Some implications of case expansion -- 3.3 From nominal to clausal complementizer -- 3.4 Metaphor and context-induced reinterpretation -- 3.4.1 From Space to Time -- 3.4.2 From space to possession -- 3.4.3 From person to object -- 3.4.4 From benefactive to purpose -- 3.4.5 From purpose to reason -- 4 Conclusions -- ABBREVIATIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Where do words come from? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Demorphologization and morphological residue -- 3 Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Towards lexical typology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Grammar and lexicon -- 3 Linguistic typology -- 4 Property concepts -- 4.1 Preliminaries -- 4.2 Adjectives -- 4.3 Stative verbs -- 4.4 Abstract nouns -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 5 Parts of space -- 5.1 Preliminaries -- 5.2 Relational nouns -- 5.3 Adverbs and adpositions -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 6 Aspectual concepts -- 6.1 Preliminaries -- 6.2 Aspectual verbs -- 6.3 Aspectual adverbs -- 6.4 Verbal and adverbial strategies -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6 General conclusion -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- A dimensional view on numeral systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Underlying cognitive-conceptual structure -- 3 Interface cognition-language: The dimension -- 4 Generalizations and their functional significance -- 4.1 'Atoms' -- 4.2 'Bases' -- 4.3 'Calculatory operations' -- 4.3.1 Directionality -- 4.3.2 Transitions and rule changes.

5 The diachronic perspective -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- The puzzle of Ngäbere auxiliaries: Grammatical reconstruction in Chibchan and Misumalpan -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Ngäbére language -- 1.2 Scope -- 2 General typological characteristics of Ngäbére -- 2.1 Word-order -- 2.2 Ergativity -- 2.3 Suffixal inflections -- 2.4 Negation -- 3 Bound tense-aspect-modality suffixes -- 4 Ngäbére auxiliaries and complement constructions -- 4.1 Preliminaries -- 4.2 The copular 'be' -- 4.3 The stative 'be'/'go' -- 4.4 The verb 'become/ 'stay/'can' -- 4.5 The verb 'come'/'arrive' -- 4.6 The verb 'go' (out/toward) -- 4.7 The modality verb 'intend' -- 4.8 The defective modality verb 'want' -- 4.9. Complements of manipulation verbs -- 5 Interim summary of verbal inflections -- 6 Typological comparisons in Chibchan and Misumalpan -- 6.1 The typological puzzle of Ngäbére -- 6.2 Typologically-conservative Chibchan languages -- 6.3 Typologically-innovative Chibchan languages -- 6.4 The alternating ('double') pattern in Chibchan -- 6.5. The alternating ('double') pattern in Misumalpan -- 7 Suggested reconstruction of a diachronic scenario -- 7.1 Hypothesis -- 7.2 Supporting arguments -- 7.2.1 Verb serialization in Chibchan and Misumalpan -- 7.2.2 The non-finite verbal inflection -- 7.2.3 Some cross-linguistic comparisons -- 8 Discussion -- NOTES -- REFERENCES.