Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals -- Contents -- Overview of the Endocrine Disrupters Issue -- 1 The Emergence of Endocrine Disruption as a Toxicological Problem -- 2 The Expanding Definition of Endocrine Disruption -- 3 Human Health and Endocrine Disrupters -- 4 Endocrine Disruption and Wildlife -- 5 Proposed Mechanisms of Endocrine Disruption -- 6 Suspected EDs and Sources of Exposure -- 7 Methods of Identifying EDs -- 8 Estimation of Risk from EDs -- 9 Positions and Activities of Governments and International Organization -- 10 Conclusions and Unanswered Questions -- Environmentally Induced Endocrine Abnormalities in Fish -- 1 Background -- 2 The Nature of Aquatic Pollution -- 3 The Endocrine System of Fish -- 4 Hypothalamic and Pituitary Abnormalities -- 5 Male Reproductive Problems in Fish -- 6 Female Reproductive Problems in Fish -- 7 Abnormalities in Growth, Metabolism and the Stress Response -- 8 Abnormal Liver Function -- 9 The Implications of Endocrine Dysfunction for Fish -- 10 Fish, Wildlife and Humans-A Warning -- 11 Conclusion -- Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Invertebrates -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals -- 3 Endocrine Disrupters in Invertebrates -- 4 Invertebrate Endocrine Function -- 5 Evidence of Endocrine Disruption in Invertebrates -- 6 Detection and Assessment of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals -- 7 Biomarkers of Endocrine Disruption -- 8 A Strategy for the Detection of Endocrine Disruption -- 9 Summary and Conclusions -- Endocrine Disruption in Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evidence for Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife -- 3 Biological and Physicochemical Modifiers of Endocrine Disrupter Exposure -- 4 Geographical Considerations and Implications for Recovery Rates -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Acknowledgements.

Oestrogens, Environmental Oestrogens and Male Reproduction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Is Male Reproductive Health Deteriorating? -- 3 Is There a Common Aetiology? -- 4 Determinants of Fertility in Adulthood -- 5 Exposure to Oestrogen Is Associated with Impaired Male Reproductive Health -- 6 Effects of Oestrogen on the Development and Function of the Male Reproductive System -- 7 Environmental Oestrogens -- 8 Are Humans at Risk? -- 9 Endocrine Disruption-Concluding Remarks -- 10 Acknowledgements -- Human Health Effects of Phytoestrogens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Potency of the Phytoestrogens -- 3 Potential Beneficial Effects -- 4 Possible Causes for Concern -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Acknowledgements -- Endocrine Disrupter Research and Regulation in the United States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Need for Research and Science Policy -- 3 Endocrine Disrupter Screening, Testing and Regulatory Implementation -- 4 Implementation of the Endocrine Disrupter Screening Program -- 5 Conclusions -- Subject Index.