Cross-Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Perspectiveson Academic Discourse -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- 1. Introductory remarks -- 2. What is academic discourse? -- 2.1 Different perspectives on academic discourse -- 2.2 Defining academic discourse -- 3. Why cross-cultural academic discourse? -- 4. Contributions to the book -- References -- Discursive characteristics of AD -- As academics we are not disposed to say "I know the world is round..." -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The concept of 'evidentiality' in its broad sense -- 3. Results -- 3.1 References to 'shared knowledge' -- 3.2 Underspecified references to research literature -- 3.3 Use of footnotes -- 3.4 Markers of 'certainty' -- 3.5 Markers of 'uncertainty' -- 4. Russian vs. German academic styles -- 5. Literary mode in academic texts? -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Cited historiographic articles -- Certainty and commitment in the construction of academic knowledge in the humanities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theoretical framework -- 3. Method -- 3.1 Corpus -- 3.2 Procedures -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Citation in business management research articles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The corpus -- 3. Frequency of citations -- 4. Distribution of citations -- 6. Reporting verbs -- References -- A cross-cultural comparison of the functions and sociolinguistic distribution of English and German tag questions and discourse markers in academic speech -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Structures -- 4. Use of structures by instructors in the lecture context -- 5. Use of structures in the interactional class format: speech mode and conversational role -- 6. Use of structures in the interactional class format: the effects of gender and academic division -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Different voices.

Polyphony in academic discourse -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic methodological problems -- 3. Materials and methods -- 4. Openings across disciplines -- 4.1 Epistemic and phenomenic openings across history and economics -- 4.2 Statement of purpose across disciplines -- 5. Openings across cultures: history in Italian -- 5.1 Epistemic and phenomenic openings -- 5.2 Statement of purpose -- 6. Conclusions: citation, disciplinary argument and academic cultures -- References -- Academic voices in the research article -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Explicit presence of SELF -- 3. Explicit presence of OTHER -- 4. Implicit presence of SELF & OTHER -- 5. Final remarks -- References -- Author identity in economics and linguistics abstracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aspects of abstracts -- 3. Three author roles -- 4. The KIAP abstracts -- 5. Findings -- 6. Discussion -- 6.1 The economics abstracts -- 6.2 The linguistics abstracts -- 6.3 Economics and linguistics compared -- References -- Exploring the polyphonic dimension of academic book review articles in the discourse of linguistics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corpus and method -- 3. The voice of the reviewer -- 4. Reviewer's dialogue with textual voices -- 5. A dialogic and dialectic view of book review article writing -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Notes on notes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research on references -- 3. The material of the study -- 4. Types of references -- 4.1 Bibliographical notes -- 4.2 Content notes -- 5. Discussion -- References -- The material studied -- Cross-cultural rhetoric -- The use of contrastive strategies in a sociology research paper -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The analytical framework -- 3. Studied texts -- 4. Defining contrastive relations -- 4.1 The contrast relation -- 4.2 The collateral relation -- 4.3 The comparison relation -- 5. Textual occurrence of contrastive relations.

5.1 The frequency of occurrence -- 5.2 The ratio of paratactic and hypotactic contrastive relations -- 5.3 The hierarchical location -- 5.4 The explicitness of contrastive signalling -- Conjunctive signalling -- Signalling by grammatical polarity and modality -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Texts used for the analysis -- Different worlds, different audiences -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Spoken rhetoric -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Why study speaking in English as a lingua franca? -- 3. Lectures - monologic speaking -- 4. Data -- 5. Analysing monologic organisation -- 6. Organised monologue -- 7. Structuring the argument -- 8. Making it rhetorical -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- The corpora: -- Argumentative strategies in conference discussions sessions* -- 1. Theoretical assumptions and methodology -- 2. Data -- 3. Expressions of appreciation and agreement -- 4. Requests for more information or clarification -- 5. Criticism -- 5.1 Implicit denials -- 5.2 Explicit denials -- 6. Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Construction of concepts in the academia -- Clash of the Titans -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corpus -- 3. Theoretical assumptions and research questions -- 4. Argumentation -- 4.1 Interaction strategies in the service of argumentation and construction of representations -- 4.1.1 Imposition -- 4.1.2 Directness -- 4.2 Persistence -- 4.3 Reformulations -- 4.3.1 Metalinguistically marked reformulations -- 4.3.2 Semantic reformulations -- 5. Positioning and voice strategies -- 5.1 Enunciative collectivities -- 5.1.1 Peers: the spokesperson position -- 5.1.2 Collectivities, identification/des-identification -- 5.2 Virtual participants -- 5.2.1 Insertion of authorities - the clash of Titans -- 5.2.2 Opposed voices.

5.3 The Self - The scholars' voices -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Semantic and discursive construction of identities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Academic discourse as a discourse genre: definition and concept -- 3. The Semantics of Argumentative Potential: the discursive construction of lexical meaning -- 3.1 The representation of lexical meaning in SAP -- 3.2 SPA methodology -- 4. The 'Europe of knowledge' as proposed by the European discourse -- 4.1 Universities in lexicographic discourse and in European discourse -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Magna Charta Universitatum -- Préambule -- Principes fondamentaux -- Moyens -- Index -- The Pragmatics & Beyond New Series.