HEAD RESTRAINTS AND WHIPLASH: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE -- HEAD RESTRAINTS AND WHIPLASH: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAD RESTRAINTS AND WHIPLASH -- HEAD-TO-NECK KINEMATICS -- HEAD RESTRAINT HEIGHT -- NECK INJURY CRITERION (NIC) -- DELTA-V -- SEATBACK STIFFNESS -- SEATBACK ENERGY ABSORPTION -- THE ENTIRE SEAT PLAYS A ROLE -- ACTIVE HEAD RESTRAINTS -- OVERALL SEAT DESIGN PRINCIPLES -- VEHICLE SEAT RATINGS -- COMPARING DUMMIES TO HUMANS -- RISK FACTORS FOR WHIPLASH INJURY AND ASSOCIATED DISORDERS -- 1. INDIVIDUAL-RELATED RISK FACTORS -- a) History of Neck Pain or Injury -- b) Lower Body Mass Index (BMI) -- c) Tall Drivers/Occupants and Head Restraint Geometry -- d) Women -- 2. VEHICLE-RELATED RISK FACTORS -- a) Wearing a Seatbelt -- b) Drivers and Front-Seated Occupants -- c) Mass of the Striking Vehicle -- d) Speed of the Striking Vehicle -- e) Impact Direction of the Vehicle -- f) Extent of Vehicle Deformation -- g) Stiff Vehicle Structure -- h) Poor Quality Seats -- 3. SOCIAL POLICY-RELATED RISK FACTORS -- a) The Existing Insurance Compensation System -- Gaps in the Literature -- KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF CORRECT HEAD RESTRAINT POSITIONING -- KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS STUDIES -- EVOLUTION OF CHANGES IN REGULATIONS, STANDARDS, AND POLICY FOR HEAD RESTRAINTS -- STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS -- BENEFITS OF HARMONIZATION -- SAFETY RATINGS -- IIWPG RATING SYSTEM -- SWEDISH ROAD ADMINISTRATION (SRA) RATINGS -- EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME (EURO NCAP) RATINGS -- STRATEGIES TO REDUCE WHIPLASH INJURIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMATIC REVIEW METHODS -- FUTURE RESEARCH - FILLING THE GAPS -- Women -- Type of Head Restraint -- Protective in-Vehicle Equipment -- Cost-Effectiveness -- Cross-Disciplinary Initiatives -- Surveillance.

Occupational Medicine -- BURDEN OF NECK PAIN IN OCCUPATIONAL SETTINGS -- GROWING CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE EMPLOYEE SAFETY -- NEED FOR KNOWLEDGE MOBILIZATION -- CURRENT INITIATIVES -- Future Directions from an Occupational Health Perspective -- USING THE THREE ES OF INJURY PREVENTION -- THE SOCIAL MARKETING APPROACH -- WHY USE SOCIAL MARKETING IN PUBLIC HEALTH? -- PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL MARKETING -- EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL MARKETING CAMPAIGNS RELATED TO DRIVING -- Click It or Ticket (North Carolina, US) -- Copy Cat (UK) -- Zero Tolerance Means Zero Chances (US) -- Friends Don't Let Friends Drive Drunk (US) -- Age 4 to 9? It's Booster Seat Time! (Canada) -- Back Pain: Don't Take It Lying Down (Australia) -- Drive safely - Avoid Accidents - Prevent Consequences of Accidents (Sweden) -- Neck Pain Beliefs and Head Restraint Social Marketing Campaigns -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.