Contents -- Preface: Alan Drengson and Bill Devall vii -- Acknowledgments xi -- Introduction: The Life and Work of Arne Naess: An Appreciative Overview by Alan Drengson 3 -- An Example of a Place: Tvergastein 45 -- Modesty and the Conquest of Mountains 65 -- Avalanches as Social Constructions 68 -- The World of Concrete Contents 70 -- Self-Realization: An Ecological Approachto Being in the World 81 -- The Three Great Movements 99 -- The Basics of the Deep Ecology Movement 105 -- Cultural Diversity and the Deep Ecology Movement 120 -- The Place of Joy in a World of Fact 123 -- Beautiful Action:Its Function in the Ecological Crisis 133 -- Lifestyle Trends Within the Deep Ecology Movement 140 -- Reflections on Total Views 145 -- The Limited Neutralityof Typologies of Systems 160 -- The Methodology of Normative Systems 167 -- Pluralism in Cultural Anthropology 181 -- Th e Principle of Intensity 187 -- Creativity and Gestalt Thinking 192 -- Gestalt Thinking and Buddhism 195 -- Nonmilitary Defense 207 -- Gandhian Nonviolent Verbal Communication: The Necessity of Training 219 -- Spinoza and the Deep Ecology Movement 230 -- Through Spinoza to Mahayana Buddhism, or Through Mahayana Buddhism to Spinoza? 252 -- Freedom, Self, and Activeness,According to Spinoza 274 -- Industrial Society, Postmodernity,and Ecological Sustainability 279 -- Sustainability! The Integral Approach 293 -- Population Reduction: An Ecosophical View 302 -- Deep Ecology for theTwenty-Second Century 308 -- Notes -- Bibliography.