Introduction: Nano- (and micro-)materials and human wellbeing -- 1 Coating antibacterial nanoparticles on textiles: Towards the future hospital in which all textiles will be antibacterial -- 1.1 Introduction: Application of nanotechnology for "smart" textiles -- 1.2 Sonochemical method for the synthesis of nanostructured materials and their adherence to solid substrates -- 1.3 Ultrasound assisted deposition of metal nano-oxides on textiles and their antibacterial properties -- 1.3.1 Synthesis and deposition of CuO nanoparticles -- 1.3.2 Finishing of textiles with crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles via a one-step process -- 1.3.3 Synthesis and deposition of ZnO -- 1.3.4 Enzymatic pretreatment as a means of enhancing antibacterial activity and stability of ZnO nanoparticles sonochemically coated on cotton fabrics -- 1.3.5 Size dependence of the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs -- 1.4 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 2 Automated solutions for high-throughput experimentation in heterogeneous catalyst research -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The preparation of solid catalysts -- 2.3 Automation challenges examples -- 2.3.1 Integration of commercially available devices -- 2.4 A fully-automated solution -- 2.4.1 SOPHAS-CAT HT -- 2.4.2 The loading -- 2.4.3 The synthesizer -- 2.4.4 Extrudate preparation -- 2.4.5 Impregnation and drying -- 2.4.6 Calcination -- 2.4.7 Scraping and pelletizing -- 2.4.8 Grinding -- 2.4.9 Sieving -- 2.5 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3 Insights from XPS on nanosized inorganic materials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 XPS in the nanodomain -- 3.3 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 4 Single crystal and powder XRD techniques: An overview -- 4.1 The single crystal XRD technique -- 4.1.1 Basics of the radiation-matter interaction.

4.1.2 Basics of crystallography and X-ray diffraction by crystal -- 4.1.3 Solving the phase problem by direct methods -- 4.2 The powder XRD technique -- 4.2.1 Indexation -- 4.2.2 Space group determination -- 4.2.3 Profile decomposition and intensity extraction -- 4.2.4 Structure solution -- 4.2.5 Rietveld refinement -- 4.2.6 Examples -- 4.3 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 5 Structural and electronic characterization of nanosized inorganic materials by X-ray absorption spectroscopies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 XAS spectroscopy: Basic background -- 5.2.1 Theoretical background of XAS spectroscopy -- 5.2.2 The XANES region -- 5.2.3 The EXAFS region -- 5.2.4 Advantages and drawbacks of the technique -- 5.3 CuCl2/Al2O3-based catalysts for ethylene oxychlorination -- 5.3.1 Industrial relevance of the CuCl2/Al2O3 system -- 5.3.2 Preliminary in situ XAFS experiments -- 5.3.2.1 The determination of the Cu-aluminate phase: How to avoid possible pitfalls in the EXAFS data analysis -- 5.3.2.2 Catalyst reactivity with the separate reactants: In situ XAFS experiments -- 5.3.3 Operando experiments and criteria used to face the presence of more than one phase in the sample -- 5.4 Structural and electronic configuration of Cp2Cr molecules encapsulated in PS and Na-Y zeolite and their reactivity towards CO -- 5.4.1 Structure of Cp2Cr encapsulated in PS and Na-Y zeolite matrices -- 5.4.2 Determination of the electronic structure of Cp2Cr by combined UV-Vis and XANES spectroscopies -- 5.4.3 Reactivity of Cp2Cr hosted in PS and in Na-Y zeolite towards CO: IR and XAFS results -- 5.5 Transition metal complexes in solution: The [cis-Ru(bpy)2(py)2]2+ case study -- 5.5.1 Structure refinement of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(py)2]2+ in aqueous solution by EXAFS spectroscopy.

5.5.2 Advanced details of the EXAFS structure refinement of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(py)2]2+ complex -- 5.6 EXAFS study on MOFs of the UiO-66/UiO-67 family: comparison with XRPD and ab initio investigations -- 5.7 Applications of X-ray micro beams: Electroabsorption modulated laser for optoelectronic devices -- Bibliography -- 6 Lens-less scanning X-ray microscopy with SAXS and WAXS contrast -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 X-ray microscopes -- 6.3 Small-angle and wide-angle scattering contrast (SAXS and WAXS) -- 6.4 Applications -- Bibliography -- 7 Characterization of inorganic nanostructured materials by electron microscopy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electron microscopy -- 7.2.1 Working principles -- 7.3 Scanning electron microscopy -- 7.3.1 Magnification and resolution of SEM -- 7.3.2 Interaction of the electron beam with the sample: elastic and inelastic scattering -- 7.3.2.1 Secondary electrons and their detection -- 7.3.2.2 Backscattered electrons and their detection -- 7.3.2.3 Energy loss -- 7.4 Transmission electron microscopy -- 7.4.1 The instrument -- 7.4.2 Image formation process -- 7.5 Sample preparation for electron microscopy -- 7.5.1 SEM sample preparation -- 7.5.1.1 Casting -- 7.5.1.2 Ion sputtering -- 7.5.2 Sample preparation for TEM -- 7.6 Inorganic nanocrystal investigation by SEM -- 7.7 Inorganic nanocrystal investigation by TEM -- 7.7.1 Bright field mode -- 7.7.2 Dark field contrast mode -- 7.7.3 Diffraction mode - electron diffraction -- 7.7.3.1 Selected area diffraction -- 7.7.3.2 Convergent beam electron diffraction -- 7.7.3.3 Investigating crystalline structure: High-resolution TEM -- 7.8 Chemical analysis by electron microscopy -- 7.8.1 Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) -- 7.8.2 Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).

7.8.3 Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) -- 7.8.4 Some examples of chemical analysis in electron microscopy -- 7.9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 8 Nanosized particles: questioned for their potential toxicity, but some are applied in biomedicine -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Nanoparticles classification -- 8.3 Nanoparticles and biosystems -- 8.4 Stability and toxicity -- 8.5 Fields of application of engineered nanoparticles -- 8.6 Access to bio-organisms and toxicity to organisms -- 8.7 Applications of nanoparticles in biomedicine -- 8.8 Measurement of the concentration -- 8.9 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index.