Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- 1] Introduction - Discourse on a New Method, or a Manifesto for a Synthetic Approach to History and Philosophy of Science -- PART I The Newtonian Era -- 2] The Axiomatic Tradition in Seventeenth-Century Mechanics -- 3] The Reduction to the Pristine State in Robert Boyle's Corpuscular Philosophy -- 4] Newton as Historically-Minded Philosopher -- 5] Newton's Forces in Kant's Critique -- PART II Kant -- 6] Kant and Lambert on Geometrical Postulates in the Reform of Metaphysics -- 7] Two Studies in the Reception of Kant's Philosophy of Arithmetic -- 8] Philosophy, Geometry,and Logic in Leibniz, Wolff, and the Early Kant -- 9] Kant on Attractive and Repulsive Force:The Balancing Argument -- 10] Mathematical Method in Kant, Schelling, and Hegel -- PART III Logical Positivism and Neo-Kantianism -- 11] Validity in the Cultural Sciences? -- 12] Ernst Cassirer and Michael Friedman: Kantian or Hegelian Dynamics of Reason? -- 13] From Mach to Carnap: A Tale of Confusion -- 14] Quine's Objection and Carnap's Aufbau -- 15] "Let me briefly indicate why I do not find this standpoint natural."Einstein, General Relativity, and the Contingent A Priori -- PART IV History and Philosophy of Physics -- 16] How Hume and Mach Helped Einstein Find Special Relativity -- 17] The Paracletes of Quantum Gravity -- 18] Beauty Doth of Itself Persuade: Dirac on Quantization, Mathematical Beauty, and Theoretical Understanding -- 19] Theory, Coordination, and Empirical Meaning in Modern Physics -- 20] The "Relativized A Priori": An Appreciation and a Critique -- PART V Post-Kuhnian Philosophy of Science -- 21] The Role of the Foundations of Mathematics in the Development of Carnap's Theory of Theories -- 22] The Construction of Reason: Kant, Carnap, Kuhn, and Beyond.

23] How Should We Describe Scientific Change? Or: A Neo-Popperian Reads Friedman -- 24] Synthesis, the Synthetic A Priori, and the Origins of Modern Space-Time Theory -- 25] Back to "Back to Kant" -- PART VI Concluding Essay -- 26] Synthetic History Reconsidered -- Contributors -- Index.