Contents -- Preface -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1. Executive Summary -- Project Approach -- Key Findings of the Global Analyses -- Key Findings of the Case Studies -- Conclusions and the Way Forward -- 2. Project Objectives -- 3. Project Approach -- Risk Assessment Framework -- Selection of Natural Hazards -- Units of Analysis -- Summary of Data Sources and Data Preparation -- Global Hotspots Classification -- 4. Single-Hazard Exposure Analysis -- Cyclones -- Drought -- Floods -- Earthquakes -- Volcanoes -- Landslides -- Single-Hazard Analysis of Exposure -- 5. Multihazard Exposure Analysis -- Simple Multihazard Index -- Reclassification of Multihazard Areas by Population Density -- 6. Multihazard Risk Assessment -- Derivation of Vulnerability Coefficients -- Single-Hazard Risk Assessment Results -- 7. Multihazard Risk Assessment Results -- 8. Case Studies -- Scale Issues -- Summary of Case Study Results -- Linkages to and Lessons for Global Analysis -- 9. Conclusions and the Way Forward -- The Costs of Disaster Risks -- Implications for Decision Making -- Information Development for Disaster Risk Management -- Appendix A: Technical Appendix for Global Analysis -- A.1 Derivation of Tropical Cyclone and GDP Surfaces -- A.2 Reclassification of Hazardous Areas Weighted by Exposure -- A.3 World Bank Country Income Classifications -- References -- Boxes -- Box 6.1 Risk Assessment Procedure for Both Mortality and Economic Losses, Illustrated by the Mortality Example -- Tables -- Table 1.1 Countries Most Exposed to Multiple Hazards -- Table 1.2 Countries at Relatively High Mortality Risk from Multiple Hazards -- Table 3.1 Ranking of Major Natural Hazards by Number of Deaths Reported in EM-DAT -- Table 3.2 Number of Input Units Used in the Gridded Population of the World (GPW) Data Sets, Versions 1-3.

Table 3.3 Summary of Data Sources for Each Hazard -- Table 3.4 Summary of Data Sources for Exposure -- Table 3.5 Summary of Exposure Data for World and Unmasked Areas -- Table 4.1 Characteristics of High-Hazard Areas by Hazard: Top Three Deciles -- Table 5.1 Summary Statistics for the Simple Multihazard Index -- Table 5.2 Hazard Profile for High-Cyclone Exposed Areas -- Table 5.3 Summary Statistics for the Population-Weighted Multihazard Index -- Table 6.1 Mortality-Related Vulnerability Coefficients -- Table 6.2 Economic Loss-Related Vulnerability Coefficients -- Table 6.3 Characteristics of High-Risk Areas by Hazard -- Table 7.1 Characteristics of High-Risk Disaster Hotspots -- Table 7.2 Countries at Relatively High Economic Risk from Multiple Hazards -- Table 8.1 Summary of Case Studies -- Table 8.2 An Expert Synthesis of Storm Surge Hotspots around the World -- Table 8.3 Potential and Actual Hotspots Vulnerable to Flooding by Storm Surge -- Table 9.1 Countries Receiving High Levels of International Disaster Assistance,1992 through 2003 -- Table 9.2 Countries Receiving Emergency Loans and Reallocation of Existing Loans to Meet Disaster Reconstruction Needs,1980 through 2003 -- Table 9.3 Direct and Indirect Losses for Six Major Disasters -- Table A1.1 Available Tropical Cyclone Data by Region -- Table A1.2 Subnational GDP Data -- Table A3.1 World Bank Country Income Classifications: High Income -- Table A3.2 World Bank Country Income Classifications: Low and Middle Income -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Global Distribution of Areas Highly Exposed to One or More Hazards, by Hazard Type -- Figure 1.2 Global Distribution of Highest Risk Disaster Hotspots by Hazard Type -- Figure 1.3 Proportion of National Population in Highest Risk Areas from Two or More Hazards (Mortality).

Figure 1.4 Proportion of National Population in Highest Risk Areas from One or More Hazards (Mortality) -- Figure 1.5 Proportion of GDP in Highest Risk Areas from Two or More Hazards (Economic Losses) -- Figure 1.6 Proportion of GDP in Highest Risk Areas from One or More Hazards (Economic Losses) -- Figure 3.1 Mask Used to Eliminate Sparsely Populated, Nonagricultural Areas -- Figure 4.1 Distribution of Hazardous Areas by Hazard Type -- Figure 4.2 Exposure Measures by Hazard Decile -- Figure 5.1 Global Distribution of Areas Significantly Exposed to One or More Hazards, by Number of Hazards -- Figure 5.2 Detailed View of Multihazard Areas -- Figure 5.3 Global Distribution of Multiple Hazards by Population Density Category -- Figure 6.1 Global Distribution of Cyclone Risk -- Figure 6.2 Global Distribution of Drought Risk -- Figure 6.3 Global Distribution of Flood Risk -- Figure 6.4 Global Distribution of Earthquake Risk -- Figure 6.5 Global Distribution of Volcano Risk -- Figure 6.6 Global Distribution of Landslide Risk -- Figure 7.1 Global Distribution of Disaster Risk Hotspots for All Hazards -- Figure 7.2 Global Distribution of Disaster Risk Hotspots by Number of Hazards -- Figure 8.1 Frequency with Which Climatic Drought Hazard Events Were Accompanied by Drought Disasters or Not from 1979 through 2001 -- Figure 8.2 WASP Estimates of Climatic Drought and Drought Disasters for Central Southwest Asian Countries -- Figure 8.3 WASP Estimates of Climatic Drought and Drought Disasters for Lao PDR and India -- Figure 8.4 Modeled Landslide Zonation and GEORISK Landslide Inventory in Armenia -- Figure 8.5 Landslide Hazard Map for Central America and Andean South America -- Figure 8.6 Landslide Mortality Risks Calibrated with Historical Landslide-Related Mortality from the EM-DAT International Disaster Database.

Figure 8.7 Multihazard Risk Map Constructed by Weighting Each Hazard Index by Incidence Frequency Data from EM-DAT Database -- Figure 8.8 Multihazard Risk Map Constructed by Weighting Each Hazard Index by the Relief Expenditure Data for Each Hazard between 1948 and 1992 -- Figure 8.9 Multihazard Disaster Risk, Caracas -- Figure 8.10 Location Map of Tana River and Garissa Districts with Coverage of Tana River Basin in Garissa District, Kenya -- Figure 8.11 Livelihood Zones Overlaid on El Niño 1997-98 Flood Case -- Figure A2.1 Single-Hazard Exposure Index Based on Top Three Population-Weighted Deciles.