CONTENT NETWORKING IN THE MOBILE INTERNET -- CONTRIBUTORS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACRONYMS -- 1 CONTENT NETWORKING IN THE MOBILE INTERNET -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Content Networking in the Mobile Internet -- 1.3 Book Overview -- 1.3.1 Chapter 2: Mobile Internet Architecture Overview -- 1.3.2 Chapter 3: Protocols for the Web and the Mobile Internet -- 1.3.3 Chapter 4: Content Caching and Multicast -- 1.3.4 Chapter 5: Characterizing Web Workload of Mobile Clients -- 1.3.5 Chapter 6: ACME: A New Mobile Content Delivery Architecture -- 1.3.6 Chapter 7: Content Adaptation for the Mobile Internet -- 1.3.7 Chapter 8: Content Synchronization -- 1.3.8 Chapter 9: Multimedia Streaming in Mobile Wireless Networks -- 1.3.9 Chapter 10: Multicast Content Delivery for Mobiles -- 1.3.10 Chapter 11: Security and Digital Rights Management for Mobile Content -- 1.3.11 Chapter 12: Charging for Mobile Content -- 1.3.12 Chapter 13: Algorithms and Infrastructures for Location-Based Services -- 1.3.13 Chapter 14: Fixed and Mobile Web Services -- 1.4 Concluding Remarks -- 2 MOBILE INTERNET ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Standardization Framework -- 2.3 System Architecture and Core Network -- 2.4 WCDMA Radio Access Network -- 2.4.1 WCDMA Radio Access Network Architecture -- 2.4.2 WCDMA Layer 2/3 Architecture and Principles -- 2.4.3 WCDMA Physical Layer -- 2.4.4 WCDMA beyond 2Mbps with HSDPA -- 2.4.5 Evolution of WCDMA -- 2.4.5.1 Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel -- 2.4.5.2 New Frequency Variants of WCDMA -- 2.4.5.3 Advanced Antenna Technologies -- 2.4.5.4 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service -- 2.5 GSM/GPRS/EDGE -- 2.5.1 GSM Principle -- 2.5.2 GSM Radio Access Network Architecture -- 2.5.3 GSM Service Creation Principle -- 2.6 IS-95 Radio Access -- 2.7 GSM/EDGE and WCDMA Operator Performance -- 2.8 GSM/EDGE and WCDMA End-User Performance.

References -- 3 PROTOCOLS FOR THE WEB AND THE MOBILE INTERNET -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 History of the World Wide Web -- 3.3 The Web Today -- 3.4 The Future Web -- 3.5 HyperText Transfer Protocol -- 3.5.1 Definition and General Operation -- 3.5.2 HTTP Evolution -- 3.5.2.1 HTTP/0.9 -- 3.5.2.2 HTTP/1.0 -- 3.5.3 HTTP/1.1 -- 3.5.3.1 Formats of the Request and Response Messages for HTTP/1.1 -- 3.5.3.2 New Request Methods and Definitions -- 3.5.3.3 Persistent Connections -- 3.5.3.4 Chunked Encoding -- 3.5.3.5 Content Negotiations -- 3.5.3.6 Byte-Range Operation -- 3.5.3.7 Authentication -- 3.5.3.8 Caching -- 3.5.3.9 Headers -- 3.5.4 Conclusion -- 3.6 Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 WAP Evolution -- 3.6.2.1 WAP 1.0 Architecture -- 3.6.2.2 WAP 1.0 Components -- 3.6.3 WAP 2.0 -- 3.6.3.1 Introduction -- 3.6.3.2 WAP 2.0 Architecture and Overview -- 3.6.3.3 WAP 2.x Components -- 3.6.4 Future of WAP -- References -- 4 CONTENT CACHING AND MULTICAST -- 4.1 Web-Based Applications -- 4.1.1 Information Dissemination -- 4.1.1.1 Static Content -- 4.1.1.2 Dynamic Content -- 4.1.1.3 Streaming Media -- 4.1.2 Information Exchange -- 4.2 Scalable Content Delivery via Multicast and Caching -- 4.3 IP Multicast and Reliable Multicast -- 4.3.1 Challenges Facing Reliable Multicast -- 4.3.2 NAK-Based Recovery -- 4.3.3 Distributed Recovery -- 4.3.4 Router-Assisted Recovery -- 4.3.5 FEC-Based Recovery -- 4.3.6 State of the Art -- 4.4 Application Layer Multicast -- 4.4.1 Rationale for Application Layer Multicast -- 4.4.2 Why We Still Need IP Multicast -- 4.4.3 Functions of Application Layer Multicast -- 4.4.4 Building the Distribution Tree -- 4.4.5 State of the Art -- 4.5 Web Proxy Caching -- 4.5.1 Basics of Proxy Caching -- 4.5.2 Content Delivery -- 4.5.3 Cache Consistency -- 4.5.4 Cache Cooperation -- 4.5.5 Limitations of Previous Work -- 4.6 Summary.

References -- 5 CHARACTERIZING WEB WORKLOAD OF MOBILE CLIENTS -- 5.1 Overview of Web Workload Characterization -- 5.1.1 Motivation for Workload Characterization -- 5.1.2 Types of Analysis -- 5.2 Overview of Previous Work -- 5.2.1 Wireline User Workload Characterization -- 5.2.1.1 Content Analysis -- 5.2.1.2 User Behavior Analysis -- 5.2.1.3 System Load Analysis -- 5.2.2 Wireless User Workload Characterization -- 5.2.2.1 Analysis of WAP Traffic at Bell Mobility's PCS -- 5.2.2.2 Analysis of a Metropolitan Area Wireless Network -- 5.2.2.3 Wireless LAN Study -- 5.3 Server Architecture and Data Gathering -- 5.3.1 Server Architecture -- 5.3.2 Description of Data Logs -- 5.3.3 Types of Accesses -- 5.4 Characterizing Web Browsing Workload -- 5.4.1 Content Analysis -- 5.4.1.1 Content Size -- 5.4.1.2 Popular Content Categories -- 5.4.1.3 Document Popularity -- 5.4.2 User Behavior Analysis -- 5.4.2.1 Load Distribution of Different Users -- 5.4.2.2 Distribution of Wireless User Sessions -- 5.4.2.3 Temporal Stability -- 5.4.2.4 Spatial Locality -- 5.4.3 System Load Analysis -- 5.4.4 Summary of Browse Log Analyses -- 5.5 Characterizing Notification Workload -- 5.5.1 Content Analysis -- 5.5.1.1 Notification Message Size and Its Implications -- 5.5.1.2 Popular Categories -- 5.5.1.3 Message Popularity Analysis and Its Implications -- 5.5.2 User Behavior Analysis -- 5.5.2.1 Load Distribution of Different Users -- 5.5.2.2 Spatial Locality -- 5.5.3 System Load -- 5.5.4 Summary of Notification Log Analyses -- 5.6 Correlation between Web Browsing and Notification -- 5.6.1 Correlation in the Amount of Usage -- 5.6.2 Correlation in Popular Content Categories -- 5.6.3 Summary -- 5.7 Comparison between Workload of Wireline Web and Mobile Web -- 5.7.1 Comparison in Web Content -- 5.7.2 Comparison in User Behavior -- 5.7.3 Comparison in System Load -- 5.8 Summary -- References.

6 ACME: A NEW MOBILE CONTENT DELIVERY ARCHITECTURE -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mobile Content Delivery Techniques and Related Work -- 6.2.1 Content Delivery for the Internet -- 6.2.1.1 Network Scaling -- 6.2.1.2 End-System Acceleration -- 6.2.1.3 Content and Protocol Optimization -- 6.2.2 Content Delivery for the Mobile Internet -- 6.2.3 Related Work -- 6.3 ACME Performance Analysis -- 6.3.1 System Description -- 6.3.2 ACME Performance in a Slotted ALOHA System -- 6.3.2.1 Performance of Baseline -- 6.3.2.2 Performance of ACME -- 6.3.2.3 Comparison -- 6.3.3 ACME in CDMA Networks -- 6.4 Exploiting User Interest Correlation with ACME -- 6.4.1 The Algorithm -- 6.4.2 Traces -- 6.4.3 Simulations -- 6.5 ACME in Radio Resource Management -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- 7 CONTENT ADAPTATION FOR THE MOBILE INTERNET -- 7.1 Motivation for Adaptation -- 7.2 Multimedia Content Types -- 7.2.1 Media Content -- 7.2.1.1 Textual Content -- 7.2.1.2 Audiovisual Content -- 7.2.2 Presentation Content -- 7.2.2.1 Stylesheets -- 7.2.2.2 Device-Independent Presentation Content -- 7.2.3 Application Data -- 7.2.4 Procedural Code -- 7.3 Types of Adaptation -- 7.3.1 Format Adaptation -- 7.3.2 Characteristics Adaptation -- 7.3.3 Appearance Adaptation -- 7.3.4 Size Adaptation -- 7.3.5 Encapsulation Adaptation -- 7.4 Methods of Adaptation -- 7.4.1 Multimedia Transcoding -- 7.4.1.1 Multimedia Transcoding Architecture -- 7.4.1.2 Transcoding of Audiovisual Content -- 7.4.1.3 Transcoding of Nonaudiovisual Content -- 7.4.1.4 Transcoding of Procedural Code -- 7.4.1.5 Advantages and Drawbacks of Transcoding -- 7.4.2 Content Selection -- 7.4.2.1 The Infopyramid -- 7.4.2.2 The Customizer -- 7.4.2.3 The Infopyramid Creation Process -- 7.4.2.4 Advantages and Drawbacks of Content Selection -- 7.4.2.5 Separating Content and Its Representation -- 7.4.3 Rendering at the Client.

7.4.4 Hybrid Approaches -- 7.5 Capabilities and Metadata -- 7.5.1 Capabilities -- 7.5.1.1 User-Agent Information -- 7.5.1.2 Composite Capability/Preference Profiles (CC/PP) -- 7.5.1.3 UAProf -- 7.5.1.4 Subscriber Databases -- 7.5.2 Metadata -- 7.6 Adaptation Architectures -- 7.6.1 Location of Adaptation -- 7.6.1.1 Adaptation at the Source -- 7.6.1.2 Adaptation at the Destination -- 7.6.1.3 Adaptation at the Intermediary -- 7.6.2 Adaptation Architecture Configurations -- 7.7 Application Scenarios -- 7.7.1 Scenario for Content Selection: Browsing -- 7.7.1.1 Content Selection Algorithm -- 7.7.1.2 The Infopyramid and Media Capability Descriptors -- 7.7.1.3 The Terminal's Media Capability Descriptors -- 7.7.1.4 Results of the Media Content Selection -- 7.7.1.5 Results of the Overall Adaptation -- 7.7.2 Scenario for Transcoding: Multimedia Messaging Service -- 7.7.2.1 MMS Applications -- 7.7.2.2 MMS Transactions -- 7.7.2.3 The MMS Conformance Document -- 7.7.2.4 The UAProf Descriptions for MMS Application -- 7.7.2.5 MMS Adaptation Example for a Weather Service -- 7.7.3 Concluding Remarks -- 7.8 Standardization and Future Work -- References -- 8 CONTENT SYNCHRONIZATION -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Why Mobile Devices Need Synchronization -- 8.3 Fundamental Principles of Synchronization -- 8.3.1 Types of Synchronization -- 8.3.1.1 One- versus Two-Way Synchronization -- 8.3.1.2 Slow versus Fast Synchronization -- 8.3.2 Change Detection -- 8.3.3 Conflict Detection and Resolution -- 8.4 Adoption of Synchronization for Mobile Devices -- 8.4.1 Synchronization Scenarios for Mobile Devices -- 8.4.2 Adhering to Mobile Device Constraints -- 8.5 Synchronization Standard -- 8.5.1 OMA Data Synchronization Overview -- 8.5.1.1 OMA Representation -- 8.5.1.2 OMA Data Synchronization Protocol -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- 9 MULTIMEDIA STREAMING IN MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS.

9.1 Introduction.