CONTENTS -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Perioperative Management of the Neonatal Patient Matias Bruzoni and Craig T. Albanese -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Fetal Circulation and Implications of the Ductus Arteriosus -- Low Birth Weight Infants -- Preterm infant -- Small for gestational age infant -- Physiologic Considerations in Perioperative Care of Neonates -- Glucose homeostasis -- Practical considerations -- Hematologic regulation -- Anemia -- Hemoglobin -- Coagulopathy -- Jaundice -- Practical considerations -- Immune function -- Practical considerations -- Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis -- Total body water -- Renal function -- Calculating maintenance needs -- Insensible losses -- Management Program -- Calcium and magnesium homeostasis -- Practical considerations -- PREOPERATIVE CARE -- Identifying and Managing Coexisting Diseases -- Preparing the Patient for the Specific Procedure -- Informed consent -- Preoperative fasting guidelines -- Antimicrobial prophylaxis -- Preoperative bowel preparation -- Diagnostic studies -- OPERATIVE CARE -- Operative Checklist: "The Time Out" -- Thermoregulation -- Mechanisms of heat loss -- Thermogenesis in neonates -- Practical considerations -- Gastrointestinal Decompression -- Invasive Monitoring -- Umbilical artery catheter placement -- Umbilical vein catheter placement -- POSTOPERATIVE CARE -- Nutrition -- Enteral nutrition -- Formula selection -- Mother's breast milk -- Infant formulas -- (1) Cow's milk-based formulas -- (2) Soy-based formulas -- (3) Hydrolyzed protein formulas -- (4) Amino acid-based formulas -- Parenteral nutrition -- Initiating total parenteral nutrition -- (1) Carbohydrates -- (2) Protein -- (3) Fat -- Pain Management -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Malrotation Jeremy Aidlen -- INTRODUCTION -- History -- Embryology -- Normal rotation.

Duodenojejunal rotation -- Cecocolic rotation -- CLASSIFICATION OF ANOMALIES -- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- Diagnosis -- Plain films -- Upper gastrointestinal tract -- Contrast enema -- Ultrasound -- Computed tomography scan -- Treatment -- Preoperative care -- Ladd procedure -- Postoperative care -- COMPLICATIONS -- LAPAROSCOPY -- Heterotaxia -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Congenital Duodenal Obstruction Chad E. Hamner -- INTRODUCTION -- EMBRYOLOGY -- ETIOLOGY -- Associated Anomalies -- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS -- CLINICAL PRESENTATION -- DIAGNOSIS -- TREATMENT -- Preoperative -- Operative -- Laparoscopic Technique -- Postoperative -- OUTCOME -- Early Complications -- Late Complications -- Survival -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Jejunoileal Atresia and Stenosis Stephen E. Dolgin -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- DIAGNOSIS -- PREOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT -- EVOLUTION OF THE OPERATIVE APPROACH -- TYPES OF JEJUNOILEAL ATRESIA -- COLONIC ATRESIA -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Hirschsprung's Disease Meade Barlow, Nelson Rosen and Stephen E. Dolgin -- INTRODUCTION -- History -- Pathophysiology -- Embryogenesis -- WHEN TO SUSPECT HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE -- Making the Diagnosis -- X-rays -- Contrast enema -- Manometry -- Biopsy - The gold standard -- Suction rectal biopsy -- Full thickness rectal biopsy -- Interpreting the Biopsy -- Aganglionosis -- Nerve hypertrophy -- Increased acetylcholinesterase staining -- Paucity of calretinin-staining fibers -- COUNSELING PARENTS -- Incidence -- Genetics -- Pre-Operative Rectal Irrigations -- THERAPEUTIC OPERATIVE PROCEDURES -- Leveling Colostomy -- Swenson Procedure -- Soave Procedure (Endorectal Pull-Through) -- Duhamel Procedure -- Transanal One-stage Pull-Through -- Operative Risks -- Postoperative Care -- TOTAL COLONIC AGANGLIONOSIS -- ENTEROCOLITIS -- COMPLICATIONS AFTER PULL-THROUGH PROCEDURE -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 6 Meconium Syndromes Ankur Rana and Stephen Dolgin -- INTRODUCTION -- MECONIUM ILEUS -- Cystic Fibrosis -- Classification of MI -- Clinical Presentation -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Operative Management -- Outcomes -- MECONIUM PLUG SYNDROME -- MECONIUM OBSTRUCTION IN THE VERY SMALL PREMATURE INFANT -- SMALL LEFT COLON SYNDROME -- MECONIUM PERITONITIS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Anorectal Malformations Meade Barlow, Nelson Rosen and Stephen E. Dolgin -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview -- History -- TYPES OF MALFORMATIONS -- Defects Common to Males and Females -- Cutaneous perineal fistula -- Imperforate Anus without Fistula -- Rectal atresia -- Male Defects -- Bulbar urethral fistulas -- Prostatic urethral fistula -- Bladder neck fistula -- Female Defects -- Vestibular fistula -- Cloaca -- PRESENTATION AND PHYSICAL FINDINGS -- VACTERL Association -- Physical Examination -- ASSOCIATED MALFORMATION SURVEY AND FURTHER DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP -- Plain X-Rays -- Ultrasound and Echocardiogram -- Cross-Table Lateral Prone Pelvic X-Ray -- Laboratory Tests -- NEWBORN DECISION MAKING: COLOSTOMY OR PULL THROUGH? -- COUNSELING PARENTS -- Incidence -- Genetics and Risks of Having Another Affected Child -- OPERATIVE RISKS -- NEWBORN TREATMENT/OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES -- Colostomy and Mucus Fistula with Colonic Lavage -- Primary Newborn Pull-Through -- Postoperative Management -- Augmented Pressure Distal Colostogram -- Cloaca -- SECONDARY OPERATION -- Surgical Technique -- Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty -- Minimal Posterior Sagittal Anoplasty -- PSARP, Male -- PSARP, Female -- Minimally Invasive, Laparoscopic Approach -- Cloaca -- Postoperative Care -- LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Necrotizing Enterocolitis Loren Berman and R. Lawrence Moss -- INTRODUCTION -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation -- History and physical examination.

Laboratory findings -- Imaging -- Differential diagnosis -- TREATMENT -- Medical Management -- Surgical Management -- Approach to operation -- Laparotomy -- Primary peritoneal drainage -- Laparotomy versus PPD -- Postoperative care -- OUTCOMES -- PREVENTION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Esophageal Atresia Frederick Alexander -- INTRODUCTION -- History -- ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY -- CLINICAL PRESENTATION -- DIAGNOSIS -- TREATMENT -- Esopahgeal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula -- Thoracoscopic Repair -- Pure Esophageal Atresia -- Postoperative Care -- ISOLATED (H-TYPE) TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA -- OUTCOME -- COMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Abdominal Wall Defects Benedict C. Nwomeh -- INTRODUCTION -- Omphalocele -- Gastroschisis -- PRENATAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Serum and Amniotic Fluid Assays -- Elevation in the maternal serum alpha fetoprotein -- Imaging -- Prenatal Therapy -- Oligohydramnios -- Inflammatory damage -- Tight defects -- Prenatal Counseling -- LABOR AND DELIVERY -- Omphalocele -- Gastroschisis -- IMMEDIATE POSTNATAL CARE -- Omphalocele -- Gastroschisis -- SURGICAL REPAIR -- Timing -- Primary Repair -- Omphalocele -- Gastroschisis -- Intestinal atresia -- Undescended testis -- Staged Repair -- Silo -- Prosthetic patch -- Delayed Repair of Ventral Hernia -- EARLY COMPLICATIONS -- Abdominal Compartment Syndrome -- NEC -- Bowel dysfunction -- LONG-TERM OUTCOMES -- Quality of Life -- Cosmesis -- Small Bowel Obstruction -- Intestinal Failure -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Malformations of the Lung David H. Rothstein -- INTRODUCTION -- EMBRYOLOGY -- CONGENITAL LOBAR OVERINFLATION -- CONGENITAL CYSTIC ADENOMATOID MALFORMATION (CONGENITAL PULMONARY MALFORMATION) -- BRONCHOPULMONARY SEQUESTRATION -- Extralobar BPS -- Intralobar BPS -- Imaging -- Pulmonary Resection -- BRONCHOGENIC CYSTS -- MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS -- IMAGING.

ANESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS -- OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS -- LONG-TERM OUTCOMES -- ANTENATAL THERAPY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Samuel Z. Soffer -- INTRODUCTION -- Epidemiology and Genetics -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT -- Initial Management -- Ventilator Management -- Pharmacologic Therapy -- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) -- Operative Procedures -- LONG-TERM OUTCOME -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 Extra Hepatic Biliary Atresia Rebecka L. Meyers and Erik G. Pearson -- SURGICAL HISTORY OF BILIARY ATRESIA -- Epidemiology -- Embryology -- Pathogenesis -- Pathology and Classification -- DIAGNOSIS -- Differential Diagnosis -- Laboratory Evaluation -- Radiographic Imaging -- Ultrasound -- HIDA scan -- Cholangiography -- Duodenal Tube Test -- Liver Biopsy -- TREATMENT -- Preoperative Medical Management -- Surgical Management -- Operative cholangiogram -- Kasai portoenterostomy -- Roux-en-Y limb -- Biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome -- Primary liver transplantation -- Minimally Invasive Techniques -- Laparoscopic-assisted cholangiogram -- Laparoscopic portoenterostomy -- POST-KASAI MANAGEMENT -- Medical Management -- Surgical Reoperation "Redo Kasai" -- Complications -- Cessation of bile flow -- Cholangitis -- Portal hypertension and ascites -- Intrahepatic cysts -- Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) -- Nutrition -- Hepatocellular carcinoma -- Liver Transplantation -- OUTCOMES AND LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS -- Age at Time of Kasai Portoenterostomy -- Volume of Surgical Experience -- Liver Histology -- Size of Remnant Biliary Ductules at Biliary Plate -- Cystic BA -- Associated Anomalies -- Postoperative Steroids -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 Ovarian Cysts Stephen E. Dolgin -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- CLASSIFYING FETAL OVARIAN CYSTS.

THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SIMPLE OVARIAN CYSTS IN THE FETUS AND NEONATE.