Swimming Upstream: Black Males in Adult Education -- CONTENTS -- EDITORS' NOTES -- Introduction -- Chapter Summaries -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 1 Race, the Black Male, and Heterogeneous Racisms in Education -- The Significance of Race in Education -- Black Men and Education -- The Crossroads of Heterogeneous Racisms -- Black Males and Masculinity -- The Relevance of Race to Educational Practice -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 The (End)angered Black Male Swimming Against the Current -- The Historical Character of Dominant Racial Narratives About Black Men -- Imagining Black Men: Endangered, At Risk, Invisible -- Education and Training -- Employment and Career -- Black Male Exceptionalism and Postracialism -- Swimming Against the Current: The Black Male Counter Narrative -- Implications for Practice -- Closing Reflections on Gendered Racism and Black Males -- References -- 3 The Good Provider: Missing or Overlooked? -- Literature Review -- The Race Factor -- The Class Factor -- Research Design -- Findings of the Study -- Independence -- Responsibility to Family -- Implications for Practice -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 High School Equivalency as Counter-Space -- Counter-Space Defined -- The Ethnographic Study: The Young Men and Prior Schooling -- The GED® Program as Counter-Space -- Physical Place and the Circle -- Space for Voice -- Space for Silence -- Mentoring Space -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 A New Normal: Young Men of Color, Trauma, and Engagement in Learning -- Theoretical Framework -- Findings -- Establishing a Safe Environment -- Remembrance and Mourning -- Reconnection -- Implications for Practice -- References -- 6 The Reentry Adult College Student: An Exploration of the Black Male Experience -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework -- Educational Trajectory: Historical and Contemporary Patterns -- Method.

Findings -- Barriers -- Sources of Support -- Conclusion and Implications for Further Research -- References -- 7 Returning to School After Incarceration: Policy, Prisoners, and the Classroom -- Past and Present Policies: A War of Sorts -- Culture Shock: Returning to School -- Obtaining a GED® -- Child Care and Employment -- Not Walking Alone: Advisement and Counseling in College -- College and Financial Support -- A Healthy Classroom Climate -- Gender of Instructors -- Structure and Support in the Classroom -- Meaningful Curriculum -- The War Continues: The Battle Can Be Won -- References -- 8 Empty Promise: Black American Veterans and the New GI Bill -- The Black Male Returning Serviceman -- The GI Bill: Past and Present -- The Past -- The Present -- Implications for Adult Education -- Acclimation -- Information -- Education -- Conclusion -- References -- 9 Black Males and Adult Education: A Call to Action -- Understanding Lived Experience -- Implications for Future Research -- Implications for Adult Educators and Adult Education Practice -- References -- INDEX -- Other Titles -- Order Form -- EULA.