Table of Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Academic and Religious Freedom: An Introduction -- Part One: Academic Freedom and the Study of religion -- 1. Academic Freedom and Competing Authorities: Historical Reflections -- 2. Freedom of Thought and the Authority of Tradition in Modern Jewish Philosophy: The Cases of Spinoza and Mendelssohn -- 3. Academic Freedom and the Symbolic Significance of Evolution -- 4. The Dismissal of A.J. Wensinck from the Royal Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo -- 5. The Historical Method of Biblical Interpretation: Its Nature, Use, Origin and Limitations -- 6. Trial of Thought: Modern Inquisition in Egypt A Case Study -- 7. Academic Freedom in Islamic Studies and the Surveillance by Muslim Activists in Indonesia -- 8. Historians of Religion as Agents of Religious Change -- 9. A Passing Storm or a Structural Shift? Challenges to Academic Freedom in the United States After September 11 -- 10. In the Wake of the Cartoon Crisis: Freedom of Expression of Academics in Denmark -- Part Two: The Academic Training of Muslim Clergy in Europe -- 11. History of the Institutionalized Training of Imams in Bosnia-Herzegovina -- 12. The Training of Imams by the Third Reich -- 13. The Academic Training of Imams Recent Discussions and Initiatives in the Netherlands -- 14. Non-Formal Islamic Higher Education in the Netherlands: With Some Comparative Notes on France and the United Kingdom -- 15. Islamic Religious Pedagogy at the University of Vienna -- 16. Legitimizing Islamic Theology at European Universities -- 17. The Training Programme of Immams in Italy -- Index -- Contributors.