IN THE MIND'S EYE -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- PART I Overview -- 1 Background -- THE COMMITTEE'S FIRST PHASE -- THE COMMITTEE'S SECOND PHASE -- THE REPORT -- Training -- Optimizing Long-Term Retention -- Modeling Expertise -- Developing Careers -- Altering Mental States -- Subliminal Self-Help -- Meditation -- Managing Pain -- Hiding and Detecting Deception -- A Broad Concept of Deception -- Performing -- Optimizing Individual Performance -- Enhancing Team Performance -- REFERENCES -- 2 Findings and Conclusions -- TRAINING -- Optimizing Long-Term Retention and Transfer -- Modeling Expertise -- Developing Careers -- ALTERING MENTAL STATES -- Subliminal Self-Help -- Meditation -- Managing Pain -- Hiding and Detecting Deception -- A Broad Concept of Deception -- PERFORMING -- Optimizing Individual Performance -- Enhancing Team Performance -- PART II Training -- 3 Optimizing Long-Term Retention and Transfer -- LONG-TERM RETENTION -- Original Learning -- Setting the Criterion of Mastery -- Automaticity -- Overlearning -- Task Cohesion and Organization -- Enhancing Retention -- Distribution of Practice -- Fostering Understanding -- Involving the Learner -- Refresher Training -- TRANSFER OF TRAINING -- General Factors in Transfer -- Level of Original Learning -- Perceived Similarity Between Tasks -- Enhancing Transfer -- Providing Contextual Interference During Training -- Increasing Variability and Variety in Training -- Reducing Feedback -- CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAINING -- REFERENCES -- 4 Modeling Expertise -- COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP -- Modeling -- Coaching and Scaffolding -- Articulation, Reflection, and Exploration -- HOW EXPERTS EXCEL -- Measures in Laboratory Tasks -- Organized Knowledge Structures -- Strategies of Problem Solving and Reasoning -- When Do Experts Not Excel? -- ELICITING KNOWLEDGE FROM EXPERTS.

IMPARTING EXPERTS' KNOWLEDGE TO TRAINEES -- Direct Instruction -- Computer-Aided Support Systems -- Cognitive Apprenticeship Revisited -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Developing Careers -- A FRAMEWORK FOR CAREER DEVELOPMENT -- Propositions -- Objectives -- Future Research Priorities -- ARMY PROGRAMS -- Self-Assessment Instruments -- The Army War College -- The National Defense University (NDU) -- Fort Bliss -- Fort Leavenworth -- Survey of Effects -- AN APPRAISAL OF THE MBTI -- Reliability -- Validity -- Effectiveness of Applications -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- PART III Altering Mental States -- 6 Subliminal Self-Help -- SUBJECTIVELY PERCEPTIBLE VERSUS OBJECTIVELY DETECTABLE STIMULI -- MOBILIZATION, EFFORT JUSTIFICATION, AND EXPECTANCY EFFECTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 7 Meditation -- SCIENTIFIC EVALUATIONS OF MEDITATION -- The Pit Burial Studies -- The Generalization Problem -- Review of the Literature -- Key Conclusions -- Needed Research -- Implications for Performance -- CRITIQUE OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW -- Overall Assessment -- Kundalini Yoga -- A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON EPISTEMOLOGY -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- 8 Managing Pain -- ASPECTS OF PAIN -- Acute Versus Chronic Pain -- Psychological Factors in Pain -- TREATING ACUTE PAIN -- TREATING CHRONIC PAIN -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Hiding and Detecting Deception -- PHYSICAL INDICATORS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES -- The Laboratory Paradigm -- Leakage -- Motivated Liars -- Faulty Detection -- IMPROVING DETECTION -- Training -- Using Analytical Methodologies -- CONTEXT AND CULTURE -- Display Rules -- Culture and Facial Expressions -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 10 A Broader Concept of Deception -- TYPES OF DECEPTION -- THEORIES, TAXONOMIES, AND FRAMEWORKS -- Frameworks as Scientific Theories -- Frameworks Based on Folk Psychology.

A Taxonomy in Psychological Space -- A Prototype Theory -- A Linguistic Approach -- Socialization -- INTERACTIVE SETTINGS -- The Expression Game -- The World of Intelligence Agencies -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- PART IV Performing -- 11 Optimizing Individual Performance -- THE MENTAL HEALTH MODEL OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE -- Static Model: The "Iceberg Profile" -- Dynamic Model: Measuring Overtraining -- Summary -- COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS -- Mental Practice and Motor Performance -- Sports Performance -- Modeling -- Imagery and Mental Practice in Military Settings -- Summary -- PREPERFORMANCE ROUTINES, SPORTS PERFORMANCE, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASURES -- Preperformance Routines and Sports Performance -- Physiological Correlates of Preparation to Perform -- Cardiac Deceleration -- Hemispheric Asymmetries in the Brain -- Summary -- EXERCISE AND STRESS -- BROADER VIEWS: NEUROSCIENCE AND PEAK PERFORMANCE -- Models of the Brain -- "Ideal Performance State" -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- 12 Enhancing Team Performance -- RESEARCH ON GROUPS: IN THE LABORATORY AND ON THE JOB -- INDIVIDUALS AND TEAMS -- TEAM PERFORMANCE -- Member Contributions -- Information Processing and Coordination -- Consensus Decision Making: Choice Shifts -- TEAM PERFORMANCE: FROM LABORATORY TO FIELD -- Three Field Examples -- Special Forces -- Ranger Training -- Nuclear Reactor Control Rooms -- Challenges to Training -- Challenges to Research -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- APPENDICES -- A Committee Activities -- B Biographical Sketches.