Front Cover -- Scientific Papers and Presentations -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the Third Edition -- 1. The Semantic Environment of Science -- 1.1 The Semantic Environment -- 1.2 Basic Semantic Elements in Communication -- References -- 2. Before You Begin -- 2.1 Kinds of Scientific Communication -- 2.2 Sources of Help -- 2.3 Of Pencils, Mice, and Cyberspace -- References -- 3. Organizing and Writing a Rough Draft -- 3.1 Thinking and Writing -- 3.2 Prewriting Exercises -- 3.2.1 Think Before You Write -- 3.2.2 Talk Before You Write -- 3.2.3 Brainstorm, Freewrite, or Make a List on Paper -- 3.2.4 Outline -- 3.2.5 Write a Rough Abstract First -- 3.2.6 Start in the Middle -- 3.2.7 Get Rid of Your Inhibitions -- 3.3 Organization and Development -- 3.4 Coordinating Organization and Development -- 3.4.1 The Point of Emphasis -- 3.4.2 Transitions -- 3.5 Writing the Rough Draft -- 3.6 Examples -- References -- 4. Searching and Reviewing Scientific Literature -- 4.1 Planning the Literature Search -- 4.1.1 Visit the Library -- 4.1.2 Allow Time -- 4.1.3 Isolate Your Objectives -- 4.1.4 Document Carefully -- 4.1.5 Be Selective -- 4.1.6 Verify -- 4.1.7 Be Willing to Quit and Create Something Useful -- 4.1.8 Verify Again and Keep Up-to-Date -- 4.2 Finding the Literature -- 4.3 Selecting and Evaluating the Literature -- 4.3.1 Sources to Use -- 4.3.2 Evaluating Sources -- 4.3.3 Using Unpublished References -- 4.4 Reviews -- References -- 5. The Proposal -- 5.1 The Graduate Proposal -- 5.2 The Grant Proposal -- 5.2.1 Content and Form -- 5.2.2 Title and Title Page -- 5.2.3 Executive Summary or Abstract -- 5.2.4 Introduction -- 5.2.5 Justification -- 5.2.6 Literature Review -- 5.2.7 Methods -- 5.2.8 Conclusions -- 5.2.9 References -- 5.2.10 Budget and Time Frame.

5.2.11 Biographical Information -- 5.3 Other Considerations -- 5.4 Progress Reports -- References -- 6. Graduate Theses and Dissertations -- 6.1 The Thesis and your Graduate Program -- 6.1.1 Graduate College Requirements -- 6.1.2 Style Sheets -- 6.1.3 The Library -- 6.1.4 Your Advisors -- 6.1.5 Other Professionals -- 6.2 Avoiding Problems -- 6.2.1 Get Started Early -- 6.2.2 Maintain Professional Relationships with Your Advisors -- 6.2.3 Draw Up a Carefully Planned and Well-Written Proposal -- 6.2.4 Maintain Accurate, Complete Data -- 6.2.5 Write the Thesis as Your Work Progresses -- 6.2.6 Be Proud of the Final Copy -- 6.2.7 To Publish Is to Build Your Reputation -- 6.2.8 Last-Minute Jobs Can Delay Graduation -- 6.2.9 Finish Before You Go -- 6.3 Planning the Thesis -- 6.4 Forms for Theses -- 6.4.1 The Traditional Thesis or Dissertation -- 6.4.2 Theses or Dissertations Containing Journal Manuscripts -- 6.4.2.1 The Master's Thesis Including a Journal Article -- 6.4.2.2 Doctoral Dissertation Incorporating Journal Manuscripts -- 6.4.3 Other Formats -- 6.5 The Thesis Defense -- References -- 7. Publishing in Scientific Journals -- 7.1 Planning and Writing the Paper -- 7.2 Journal Manuscript Contents -- 7.3 After the Paper is Written -- 7.4 The Editing and Reviewing Process -- References -- 8. Style and Accuracy in the Final Draft -- 8.1 Style -- 8.2 Styles in Headings -- 8.3 Accuracy and Style in Documentation -- 8.3.1 Documentation of Electronic Sources -- 8.3.2 Other Style Issues -- 8.4 Proofreading -- References -- 9. Reviewing and Revising -- 9.1 Reviewing and Revising Your Own Paper -- 9.2 Requesting other Reviews -- 9.2.1 In-House Reviews -- 9.2.2 Reviews by Journal Editor and Reviewers -- 9.3 Reviewing Journal Manuscripts for Others -- References -- 10. Titles and Abstracts -- 10.1 Titles -- 10.2 Abstracts -- References -- 11. Publishing Data.

11.1 Tables -- 11.1.1 Preparing Tables for Publication -- 11.1.2 Preparing Tables for Slides and Posters -- 11.2 Figures -- 11.2.1 Preparing Graphs and Other Figures -- 11.2.2 Bar Charts -- 11.2.3 Line Graphs -- 11.3 Summary -- References -- 12. Professionalism, Ethics, and Legal Issues -- 12.1 Professionalism -- 12.2 Professional Ethics in Scientific Communication -- 12.3 Professional Respect for Others -- 12.3.1 Authorship -- 12.3.2 Respect Your Data -- 12.3.3 Be Careful with Confidentiality -- 12.3.4 Do Not Publish the Same Thing Twice -- 12.3.5 Acknowledge Your Errors -- 12.3.6 Support an Ethical Workplace -- 12.3.7 Respect the Time of Others -- 12.3.8 Watch Out for Conflicts of Interest -- 12.3.9 Be Fair with Your Time and Effort -- 12.3.10 Avoid the Sin of Omission -- 12.3.11 Watch the Company You Keep -- 12.3.12 Be Firm with Your Own Ethical Standards -- 12.4 The Legal Issues: Copyrights and Patents -- 12.4.1 Copyright -- 12.4.1.1 To Grant Copyright Permission -- 12.4.1.2 To Obtain Copyright Permission -- 12.4.2 Patents -- References -- 13. Scientific Presentations -- 13.1 Academic Seminars -- 13.1.1 Seminars Provide Information About Current Research -- 13.1.2 Seminar Presentations Provide New Perspectives for Your Own Work -- 13.1.3 Seminar Presentations Increase Your Ability to Evaluate Research -- 13.1.4 Presentations Improve Your Ability to Communicate -- 13.2 The Professional Meeting -- 13.2.1 Presentations at Professional Meetings -- 13.3 Speaking at the Job Interview -- 13.4 The Question and Answer Session -- 13.5 Role of the Moderator -- 13.5.1 To Be a Moderator -- 13.6 Fit the Occasion -- References -- 14. Communication without Words -- 14.1 Symbols -- 14.2 Fonts -- 14.3 Color -- 14.4 Physical Communication -- 14.5 Listening -- References -- 15. Visual Aids for Presentations -- 15.1 Slide Composition -- 15.2 Slide Production.

References -- 16. The Oral Presentation -- 16.1 Conditioning Yourself -- 16.2 Timing -- 16.3 The Visual Aids -- 16.4 Coordinating the Visual Aids and the Speech -- 16.5 Transitions in an Oral Presentation -- 16.6 The Peer Review -- 16.7 Checklist for Professional Oral Presentation -- References -- 17. Poster Presentations -- 17.1 Audience -- 17.2 Content -- 17.3 Making It Fit -- 17.4 Text Size and Style -- 17.5 Color and Physical Quality -- 17.6 Spacing and Arrangement -- 17.7 Presentation of Data -- 17.8 The Presenter -- 17.9 Handouts -- 17.10 Time and Construction -- References -- 18. Group Communications -- 18.1 Group Communication with No Audience -- 18.2 Group Communication with An Audience -- 18.2.1 The Panel Discussion Leader -- 18.2.2 Responsibilities of Group Members -- 18.2.3 Responsibilities of Panel Members -- 18.2.4 Planning for Discussion Groups -- 18.2.4.1 The Forum -- 18.2.4.2 The Panel -- 18.2.4.3 Symposium/Panel/Forum -- 18.2.5 Virtual Communication in Groups -- References -- 19. Communicating with the Nonscientist -- 19.1 The Research Scientist -- 19.2 The Science Practitioner -- 19.3 The Science Writer -- 19.4 Audiences -- 19.5 Avenues -- 19.6 Subject -- 19.7 Techniques -- References -- 20. To the International Student -- 20.1 Becoming Adjusted To U.S. Cultures -- 20.2 General Cultural Differences -- 20.2.1 Attitudes Toward the Self -- 20.2.2 Direct and Indirect Communication -- 20.2.3 Power Distance -- 20.2.4 Time -- 20.3 Scientific Writing in American English -- 20.3.1 Introduction -- 20.3.2 Body of Paper -- 20.3.3 Conclusion -- 20.3.4 Plagiarism -- 20.4 Oral Presentations -- 20.5 Body Language -- References -- Appendices -- 1. Weaknesses in Scientific Writing -- A1.1 Lack of Preparation -- A1.2 Weak Organization -- A1.3 Inappropriate Content -- A1.3.1 Too Much for One Paper -- A1.3.2 Too Little in One Paper.

A1.4 Poor Structure and Unity -- A1.4.1 Data -- A1.4.2 Sentence Construction -- A1.5 Distracting Little Things -- A1.6 Sensitivity to Words (Diction) -- 2. The First Draft -- What Points Distinguish a Good Western Saddle from a Poor One? -- What Points Distinguish a Good Western Saddle From a Poor One? -- 3. Sample Manuscript -- Outline -- Title: Emergence, Yield, and Quality of Poke Greens from Seeds and Roots -- Manuscript -- Emergence, Yield, and Quality of Poke Greens from Seeds and Roots -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Treatments -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- 4. Sample Literature Review -- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Influence on Rhizosphere Microbial Ecology -- A. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- B. Dissipation -- C. Bioremediation -- D. Phytoremediation -- E. The Rhizosphere -- 5. Sample Graduate Proposal -- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Influence on Rhizosphere Microbial Ecology -- Introduction -- Preliminary Study -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Proposed Experiment -- Objective -- Materials and Methods -- Conclusions -- 6. Alternate Routes to the Thesis -- A6.1 Hurdle 1 -- A6.2 Hurdle 2 -- A6.3 Hurdle 3 -- A6.4 Hurdle 4 -- A6.5 Hurdle 5 -- A6.6 Hurdle 6 -- A6.7 Hurdle 7 -- 7. Sample Review of Manuscript Submitted for Publication -- General Review, Relevance, and Recommendation -- Improving Relevance for Readers -- Title -- General Editorial Comments -- Introduction -- Historical Perspective -- Research Methods -- Results -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Figures and Tables -- 8. Evolution of a Title -- 9. Evolution of an Abstract -- Working Abstract 1 (373 Words) -- Evaluation of Winegrapes for Suitability in Juice Production -- Working Abstract 2 (280 Words) -- Suitability of Winegrapes for Juice Production -- Abstract, Version 3 (215 Words).

Suitability of Winegrapes for Juice Production.