Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- The History of the Philosophy of Time -- Time as a Feature of the Physical World -- Time as a Feature of Human Experience -- Part I: The History of the Philosophy of Time -- 1: Heraclitus and Parmenides -- The Given Temporal World of Mortals -- Heraclitus Embraces the Flux of Becoming, Making It and Its Logos Divine -- Parmenides (the Opposite of Heraclitus) Rejects Time -- Post Heraclitus-Parmenides, and Best Mortal Cosmology -- Temporal Consciousness -- The Status of Temporal Passage -- Best Mortal Cosmology? (Just a Peek) -- Notes -- References -- 2: Zeno's Paradoxes -- Introduction -- The Historical Context of the Paradoxes: Zeno and Parmenideanism -- The Dichotomy and the Achilles Paradox -- Reactions to the Dichotomy and to the Achilles Paradox -- The Moving Rows -- Reactions to the Moving Rows -- The Arrow -- Reactions to the Arrow -- References -- 3: Aristotle on Time and Change -- Introduction -- Puzzles about Time -- Aristotle's Positive Account of Time -- Later Texts -- Notes -- References -- 4: Determinism, Fatalism, and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy -- The Argument for Determinism -- Fatalism and Motivation -- Determinism, Agency, and Moral Responsibility -- Determinism and Freedom as the Possibility for Alternate Actions -- Note -- References -- Further Reading -- 5: Creation and Eternity in Medieval Philosophy -- Aristotelian Analyses of Time and the Eternity of the World -- Time and the Created Order: Non-Aristotelian Analyses of Time -- Time's Topology: Proofs for the Temporal Finitude of the Cosmos -- Agnosticism about the Age of the World -- References -- 6: Newton's Philosophy of Time -- The Inheritance of Galileo: Huygens1 -- Time in Newton's Dynamics6 -- Time in Newton's Metaphysics17 -- Notes -- References.

7: Classical Empiricism -- Preface: Presentism in Early Modern Philosophy -- Classical Empiricism I: Absolutism -- Classical Empiricism II: Idealism -- Appendix: Memory -- Notes -- References -- 8: Kant and Time-Order Idealism -- Preliminary Existence Proof -- Realism About the Time-order of Representations Was Not Kant's View -- Realism About the Time-Order of Representations Could Not have been Kant's View -- Localization -- Refutation of Idealism -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 9: Husserl and the Phenomenology of Temporality -- The Specious Present: Can a Paradox be a Solution? -- Husserl's Account of Time-Consciousness -- The Dynamics of Intrinsic Temporality in Bodily Movement and Action -- Primal Impression and Enactive Structure -- References -- 10: The Emergence of a New Family of Theories of Time -- Remembrance of Things Past -- The Ways Things Were -- Graphs, Calculus, and the Fourth Dimension -- McTaggart's Theorem -- Some B-Theorists Affirm Lemma 1 and Deny Lemma 2 -- Some A-Theorists Deny Lemma 1 and Affirm Lemma 2 -- Making Ways for Passage -- References -- Further Reading -- 11: The B-Theory in the Twentieth Century -- The A-Series and the B-Series -- The Passage of Time -- The Language of Time -- The Ontology of Time -- The Experience of Time -- The Puzzle of Change and Relational Predicates Revisited -- A Final Word: Tenseless Passage -- References -- Part II: Time as a Feature of the Physical World -- 12: Time in Classical and Relativistic Physics -- Introduction -- Time in Classical Physics -- Time in Special Relativity -- Time in General Relativity -- Proper Time and Temporal Separation -- Time Travel -- Differential Aging in General Relativity -- Simultaneity -- Further Reading -- Notes -- References -- 13: Time in Cosmology -- Absolute Time: Lost and (Partially) Regained -- The Beginning and End of Time.

Through the Big Bang? -- Operationalism -- Time's Arrow -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 14: On Time in Quantum Physics -- Introduction -- Some Roads Not Taken -- Time in the Interpretations of Quantum Theory -- Time Treated Similarly in Quantum and Classical Theories -- Time-reversal: Postponed to Another Day -- Uncertainty Principles in General -- Prospectus -- An Uncertainty Principle for Width of the Bulk -- An Uncertainty Principle for Translation Width, and Width of the Bulk -- Three Roles for Time -- External Time -- Intrinsic times -- Observable time: time operators -- Time-energy Uncertainty Principles with Intrinsic Times -- Mandelstam-Tamm uncertainty principle -- The Hilgevoord-Uffink "Translation-Bulk" Uncertainty Principle -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- 15: Time in Quantum Gravity -- Mapping Quantum Qravity -- Quantizing GR: The Problem of Time and its Origin -- Time in Classical Spacetime Physics -- Time in Quantum General Relativity -- Reactions to the Problem of Time -- Time in String Theory -- Space-Time Non-Commutativity -- Brief Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 16: The Arrow of Time in Physics -- Introduction -- Features of Underlying Microphysics: Reversal and Recurrence -- Invertibility -- Time-Reversal -- Recurrence -- Irreversibility of Macrophysics -- Reconciling Reversible and Irreversible Dynamics -- Real Systems are not Isolated and Finite-Volume? -- The Fundamental Laws of Physics are not Time-Reversal-Invariant? -- A Need for Special Conditions? -- The Qualitative Arrows Revisited -- The Thermodynamic Arrow -- The Computational Arrow -- The Singularity Arrow -- The Quantum-Mechanical Arrow of Time -- The Cosmological Arrow -- The "Arrow of Increasing Entropy" -- Epilogue -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- 17: Time and Causation -- Introduction.

Reducing the causal to the temporal asymmetry -- Causal Theories of Spacetime -- Toward a Causal Theory of the Asymmetry of Time -- A subjectivist account -- An entropy account -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 18: Time Travel and Time Machines -- Defining Time Travel -- Temporal Passage -- Indeterminism and Consistency Constraints -- Time Machines -- Quantum Mechanics -- Further Reading -- References -- 19: The Passage of Time -- Introduction -- Passage, the Present, and the Direction of Time -- How Fast Does Time Pass? -- Arguments from Experience -- The Epistemological Argument -- The Argument from Intentionality -- Thinking About the Passage of Time -- Why Does Time Seem to Pass? -- Notes -- References -- 20: Time and Tense -- Linguistic Tense -- Metaphysical Tense -- The Appeal to Language in Metaphysics -- Considerations from Linguistics -- Considerations from Metaphysics -- Considerations from the Evolved Nature of Language -- Taking Tense Seriously and the Importance of Tensed Belief -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 21: Presentism, Eternalism, and the Growing Block -- A Brief Characterization -- Definitional Woes -- Objections and Problems: Presentism -- Tensions With Our Best Science -- Making Sense of Past-Tensed Claims -- Objections and Problems: Eternalism -- Free Will and Fatalism -- Where is Flow and Change? -- Objections and Problems: The Growing Block -- Epistemic Problems -- Where to from Here? -- Notes -- References -- 32: Change and Identity Over Time -- Endurance -- Perdurance -- Exdurance -- Mixed Theories -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part III: Time as a Feature of Human Experience -- 23: The Perception of Time -- The Living Present -- The Orthogonal Paradigm -- The Extensional Alternative -- Points of Comparison -- The Orthogonal and Extensional William James -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading.

24: Transcendental Arguments and Temporal Experience1 -- Introduction -- The A-Deduction and Temporality -- The B-Deduction and Temporality -- The Stroudean Objection, and Kant's Refutation of Idealism -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- 25: Memory -- Introduction -- Time and the Individuation of Memories -- The Temporal Content of Memories -- The Temporal Phenomenology of Memory -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- 26: Time in Mind -- Temporality in Neuroscience -- The Perplexing Nature of Apparent Motion -- The Structure of Temporal Experience -- Temporal Perceptual Atomism -- Husserl on Internal Time Consciousness -- Should We be Naïve Realists about Temporality? -- Explaining Postdiction -- The Predictive Inference Model -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Further Reading -- 27: The Representation of Time in Agency -- Introduction -- Connections Between Time, Agency, and Representation -- Time, Agency, and Representation in the Cognitive Sciences -- Agency and the Phenomenology of Temporal Experience -- Explaining Temporal Representation in Agency -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 28: Temporal Indexicals -- Introduction -- Temporal Indexicals: Basic Ideas -- Two Ways of Thinking about Things -- Roles -- Role-based Cognition -- Detached Cognition -- Thinking about Periods of Time -- Dynamic Representations -- Moving from Future to Present to Past -- Temporal Indexicals and the Passage of Time -- References -- 29: Time - The Emotional Asymmetry -- Future-Bias -- With Respect to What Sort of Things are We Future-Biased? -- Some Poor Arguments for Future-Bias -- The Arbitrariness Argument Against Future-Bias -- Incoherence Arguments Against Future-Bias -- So Where Does this Leave Us? -- Notes -- References -- 30: Evolutionary Explanations of Temporal Experience -- What are Evolutionary Explanations?.

Five Features of Temporal Experience.