FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Context -- 3 Current Practice in the Juvenile Justice System -- 4 Adolescent Development -- 5 A Framework for Reform -- 6 Preventing Reoffending -- 7 Accountability and Fairness -- 8 Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities -- 9 Achieving Reform -- 10 The Federal Role -- 11 Moving Forward -- References -- Appendix A: Costs and Benefits of Juvenile Justice Interventions -- Appendix B: The Missouri Model: A Critical State of Knowledge -- Appendix C: Mentoring -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.