FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Evolution of the U.S. Research Enterprise -- 3 Understanding the Pathways from Research to Innovation -- 4 The Usefulness and Limitations of Metrics in Measuring the Returns on Publicly Funded Research -- 5 Measuring Research Impacts and Quality -- 6 Understanding the Research Enterprise as a Complex System -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Appendix A: An Evaluation of STAR METRICS -- Appendix B: U.S. Universities and Industrial Innovation: An Interactive Relationship Producing Economic Value from Research -- Appendix C -- Annotated Bibliography of Selected Studies -- Appendix D: The Study Process -- Appendix E: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.