Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Old and New Things in Thermoelectricity -- 1.1 Three Thermoelectric Effects -- 1.1.1 Seebeck Effect -- 1.1.2 Peltier Effect -- 1.1.3 Thomson Effect -- 1.2 Semiconductors -- 1.3 My Entry into Thermoelectricity -- 1.4 Peltier Cascades -- 1.5 Challenge of Materials Science -- References -- Part I: Synthesis of Nanowires, Thin Films, and Nanostructured Bulk -- Chapter 2 Electrodeposition of Bi2Te3-Based Thin Films and Nanowires -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fundamentals of Bi2Te3-Based Electrodeposition -- 2.3 Electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 Thin Films -- 2.4 Electrodeposition of Thermoelectric Nanowires -- 2.4.1 Electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 Nanowires -- 2.4.2 Ternary Bi2Te3-Based Nanowires -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Bi2Te3 Nanowires by Electrodeposition in Polymeric Etched Ion Track Membranes: Synthesis and Characterization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Synthesis of Bi2Te3 NWs with Controlled Size and Crystallography -- 3.2.1 Fabrication of Etched Ion-Track Membranes -- 3.2.1.1 Swift Heavy-Ion Irradiation -- 3.2.1.2 Chemical Etching -- 3.2.2 Electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 NWs -- 3.2.2.1 Experimental Setup -- 3.2.2.2 Electrodeposition of Bi2Te3 and Choice of the Electrolyte -- 3.2.2.3 Chronoamperometric Current-Time Curves -- 3.2.3 Morphological and Crystallographic Characterization of Bi2Te3 NWs -- 3.2.3.1 NW Arrays -- 3.2.3.2 Morphology of Individual Nanowires as a Function of the Deposition Parameters -- 3.2.3.3 Adjusting the Nanowire Dimensions -- 3.2.3.4 Investigation of the Nanowire Crystallinity and Composition by TEM.

3.2.3.5 Investigation of the Preferred Crystallographic Orientation of Wire Arrays by X-Ray Diffraction -- 3.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Fabrication and Comprehensive Structural and Transport Property Characterization of Nanoalloyed Nanostructured V2VI3 Thin Film Materials -- 4.1 Situation/State of the Art before the Start of Our Combined Research Project -- 4.2 Motivation for Research on V2VI3 Multilayered Structures -- 4.2.1 Binary Thin Films -- 4.2.2 Results Obtained for SL Structures -- 4.2.3 Results Obtained from a Theoretical Analysis of V2VI3 Binaries and Nanoscale SL Structures -- 4.3 Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Structure and Transport Properties of Bi2Te3 Films -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Structural Aspects of the Tetradymite-type Lattice -- 5.3 MBE Film Deposition -- 5.4 Structural Characterization of Bi2Te3 Films -- 5.5 Transport Properties of Films on Sapphire Substrates -- 5.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 6 Bulk-Nanostructured Bi2Te3-Based Materials: Processing, Thermoelectric Properties, and Challenges -- 6.1 Success of ZT Enhancement in Nanostructured Bulk Materials -- 6.2 Methodology at Fraunhofer IFAM-DD: Previous Research -- 6.3 High-Energy Ball Milling Technology, SPS Technology, and Thermoelectric Characterization -- 6.4 Control of Crystallite Size and Mass Density -- 6.4.1 Optimizing Ball Milling Parameters -- 6.4.2 Optimizing SPS Parameters -- 6.5 Nanostructure - Transport Properties - Correlations in Sintered Nanomaterials -- 6.5.1 Transport Properties -- 6.5.2 Nanostructure -- 6.5.3 Crystallite Size-Lattice Thermal Conductivity Correlation -- 6.5.4 Composition-Antisite Defect Density-Electric Transport Correlation.

6.5.5 Oxidized Secondary Phases-Oxidized Matrix-Electric Transport Correlation -- 6.6 Summary and State of the Art -- 6.7 Outlook Second Generation SPS Prepared Nanomaterials -- References -- Part II: Structure, Excitation, and Dynamics -- Chapter 7 High Energy X-ray and Neutron Scattering on Bi2Te3 Nanowires, Nanocomposites, and Bulk Materials -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Review of Published High-Energy X-ray and Neutron Scattering Studies on Bi2Te3 and Related Compounds -- 7.3 Element Specific Lattice Dynamics in Bulk Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 -- 7.4 Nanostructure and Phonons in a Bi2Te3 Nanowire Array -- 7.5 Nanocomposites and Speed of Sound -- 7.6 Perspectives of High-Energy X-ray and Neutron Scattering -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Advanced Structural Characterization of Bi2Te3 Nanomaterials -- 8.1 From Bulk to Nanomaterials -- 8.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Transport Measurements -- 8.3 Relevance of Advanced Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Bi2Te3 Nanomaterials -- 8.4 Nanostructure- Property Relations in Bulk and Nanomaterials -- 8.4.1 Chemical Modulations and Structural Disorder in Commercial Bulk Materials -- 8.4.2 Near Stoichiometric, Single Crystalline Nanowires for Transport in the Basal Plane -- 8.4.3 Epitaxial and Nano-alloyed Thin Films with Low Charge Carrier Densities and High Power Factors -- 8.4.4 Highly Dense, Ultra-fine Nanostructured Bulk with Low Thermal Conductivities -- 8.5 Simulation of Electron Transport and Electron Scattering in Bi2Te3-Based Materials -- 8.5.1 Calculation of Electronic Transport Coefficients -- 8.5.2 Calculation of High-Energy Electron Scattering in Bi2Te3-Based Materials -- 8.6 Experimental Techniques and Simulation -- References -- Part III: Theory and Modeling.

Chapter 9 Density-Functional Theory Study of Point Defects in Bi2Te3 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Thermoelectric Properties -- 9.3 The Lattice Structure of Bi2Te3 -- 9.4 Point Defects in Bi2Te3-Related Materials -- 9.5 Concentration of Point Defects -- 9.6 Calculation of Formation Energies from First Principles -- 9.7 Recent DFT Results for the Point Defect Energies in Bi2Te3 -- 9.8 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Ab Initio Description of Thermoelectric Properties Based on the Boltzmann Theory -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Low-Dimensional Thermoelectrics -- 10.1.2 Phonon-Glass Electron-Crystal -- 10.1.3 Phonon-Blocking and Electron-Transmitting Superlattices -- 10.2 Transport Theory -- 10.2.1 Linearized Boltzmann Equation and Relaxation Time Approximation -- 10.2.2 Transport Coefficients -- 10.3 Results -- 10.3.1 Influence of Strain -- 10.3.2 Superlattices -- 10.3.3 Thermal Conductivity - Toward the Figure of Merit -- 10.3.4 Lorenz Function of Superlattices -- 10.3.5 Phonons -- 10.4 Summary -- References -- Part IV: Transport Properties Measurement Techniques -- Chapter 11 Measuring Techniques for Thermal Conductivity and Thermoelectric Figure of Merit of V-VI Compound Thin Films and Nanowires -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Methods for the Investigation of the In-plane Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films -- 11.2.1 Steady-State Joule Heating Method for Determining the Thermal Conductivity and Emissivity of Electrically Conducting Films -- 11.2.2 Microfabricated λ-Chips for Measurements of In-Plane Thermal Conductivity -- 11.2.3 The λ-Chips for Transient Measurements of the In-Plane Thermal Conductivity and the Specific Heat Capacity of Thin Films.

11.3 Steady-State Measurements of the Cross-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Thin Films -- 11.4 Investigation of Cross-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Nanowire Arrays -- 11.5 Characterization of Thermal Conductivity and Thermoelectric Figure of Merit of Single Nanowires -- 11.5.1 Design of the z-Chip -- 11.5.2 Electrical Conductivity Measurement -- 11.5.3 Thermopower Measurements -- 11.5.4 Thermal Conductivity Measurement -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Development of a Thermoelectric Nanowire Characterization Platform (TNCP) for Structural and Thermoelectric Investigation of Single Nanowires -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 TNCP Initial Design -- 12.3 First and Second Generations of TNCP -- 12.3.1 Design, Modeling, and Simulation -- 12.3.2 Design Improvements and New Characteristics for the Second Generation Chip Design -- 12.3.3 Fabrication -- 12.4 Nanowire Assembly Utilizing Dielectrophoresis -- 12.4.1 Theory -- 12.4.2 Experimental Details -- 12.4.2.1 Liquid Medium Selection -- 12.4.2.2 Nanowire Assembly Process -- 12.4.2.3 Acceleration of Water Droplet Evaporation -- 12.4.2.4 Recognition of Properly Assembled Nanowires -- 12.4.2.5 Results and Discussion -- 12.5 Ohmic Contact Generation -- 12.5.1 SEM Electron Beam Induced Deposition (EBID) -- 12.5.2 Shadow Mask Techniques -- 12.5.2.1 Design and Fabrication -- 12.5.2.2 Experimental Process -- 12.6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Appendix -- Index -- EULA.