PRINCIPLES AND PREDICTION THE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- INTRODUCTION -- Typological Issues -- Syntactic Issues -- Discourse Issues -- Phonological Issues -- A TRIBUTE TO GERALD A. SANDERS -- I. TYPOLOGICAL ISSUES -- THE SECOND PERSON IS RIGHTLY SO CALLED -- REFERENCES -- THE STRUCTURE OF CATEGORY SYSTEMS -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Structure of Category Systems: 'Determined' vs. -- 2. Dakota Split Intransitives and Related Systems -- 3. Ojibwe Noun Class System -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- ON THE NATURAL DOMAIN OF LINGUISTIC UNIVERSALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background: Approaches to linguistic universals -- 3. On Arguments for Domains -- 3.1 The domain of a scientific theory -- 3.2 Arguments for L1 and L2 as different domains -- 4. On Arguments for a Single Domain for L1 and L2 -- 4.1 Problematic cases -- 4.2 Viable proposals -- 5. The Case for the Typological Approach -- 6. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- II. SYNTACTIC ISSUES -- WHY IS SYNTAX COMPLICATED? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of Problems -- 3. Types of Accounts -- 3.1. Accommodating some contradictions... -- 3.2 ...without admitting all of them -- 4. Summary and Implications -- REFERENCES -- WHAT IS CATEGORIAL GRAMMAR REALLY GOOD FOR? -- REFERENCES -- THE LOGIC OF RELATIVE ADJECTIVES -- 1. Absolute and Relative Adjectives -- 2. Some Logical Analyses -- 3. Predicative Adjectives -- 4. Attributive Adjectives Revisited -- 5. Validity in Arguments -- 6. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- ON THE SUBJECT-PREDICATE STRUCTURE OF PSEUDOCLEFTS -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Specificational and predicational copular sentences -- 1.2 Connectedness effects -- 1.3 Lexically ambiguous copula -- 2. Recent Analyses -- 2.1 Partee's analysis -- 2.2 Williams' analysis -- 2.3 Heggie's analysis.

3. Alleged Non-subject Properties of the Pseudocleft Clause -- 3.1 Subject-auxiliary inversion -- 3.2 Raising constructions -- 3.3 Gapping -- 4. Subject Properties of the Pseudocleft Clause -- 4.1 Tag questions -- 4.2 Multiple auxiliary verbs -- 5. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- NEGATION AND PREDICATE HEADS IN ARABIC -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Negation -- 3. Null Subjects, Agreement, and Negation -- 4. Prepositional Predicates -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- ICONICITY: MOTIVATIONS IN CHINESE GRAMMAR -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 Saussure's two principles of the linguistic sign -- 2.2 Diagrammatical iconicity and syntactic motivation -- 3. Iconic Motivations in Chinese Grammar -- 3.1 Order motivation -- 3.2 Distance motivation -- 3.3 Separateness motivation -- 3.4 Juxtaposition motivation -- 3.5 Reduplication motivation -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- HYPOTHESIZING CASE FRAME INFORMATION FOR NEW VERBS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Pundit System -- 3. Hypothesizing Case Frames -- 3.1 The training data -- 3.2 Hypothesizing the semantics of unknown words -- 3.3 Evaluation -- 4. Future Directions -- 4.1 Improving the parse -- 4.2 Interaction with the knowledge base -- 4.3 Acquisition of selectional restrictions -- REFERENCES -- LOCA LAMBIGUITY AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Local ambiguity -- 1.2 Syntactic framework -- 2. Simple Sentences -- 2.1 Categorialstructure -- 2.2 Relational rules and metaconditions -- 2.3 Analysis -- 3. Complex Sentences -- 3.1 Analyzahle associates -- 3.2 The association of immediate subordination -- 3.3 Analysis -- 3.4 Ordination relation signals -- 4. Parsing -- REFERENCES -- Ill. DISCOURSE ISSUES -- CONSTRUCTING A COURTROOM NARRATIVE: A LAWYER-WITNESS DUET -- REFERENCES -- SAYING IT WITH A SMILE: GIRLS' CONFLICT TALK AS DOUBLE-VOICE DISCOURSE -- 1. Introduction: Language socialization.

2. Gender Ideology and Double-voice Discourse -- 3. Examples of Conflict Talk: Single-voice discourse -- 4. Examples of Conflict Talk: Double-voice discourse -- 5. Mixed-sex Conflict Talk: Girls as style-shifters -- 6. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- VERA HAYDEN'S DILEMMA, OR THE INDIRECTION IN DIRECT SPEECH -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reporting What Others Say: The grammatical view -- 3. Reporting What Others Say: The performance view -- 4. Vera Hayden's Solution -- REFERENCES -- ANAPHORA IN GERMAN DISCOURSE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Phoric pronouns in German -- 1.2 Statement of the problem -- 13 Data base -- 2. Pragmatic Deixis -- 2.1 Topic identification -- 2.1.1 Left dislocation -- 2.1.2 Topic shift and topic continuity -- 2.1.3 Topic identification and referential distance -- 2.1.4 Anaphors and indirect speech -- 2.1.5 Context and world knowledge -- 2.2 Ordering constraints on DPs -- 2.3 Antecedentless pronouns -- 2.3.1 'Powers-that-be' pronouns -- 2.3.2 Reference by extension -- 2.4 Specific focusing functions of the DP -- 2.4.1 DPs in questions -- 2.4.2 DPs and discourse connectedness -- 2.4.3 DPs and contrastive stress -- 3. Affective Deixis -- 4. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- GENDER ASSIGNMENT IN OROMO -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Morphological Marking of Gender -- 3. Gender Assignment -- 3.1 Mechanical and semantic assignment -- 3.2 Gender Shift -- 3.3 Collectivity -- 4. Gender Assignment in Western Dialects of Oromo -- 5. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- IV. PHONOLOGICAL ISSUES -- UNDERSPECIFICATION AND PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Evidence for Children's Awareness of Distinctions -- 2.1 Systematic correspondences -- 2.2 Perception -- 2.3 Differential behavior of phonetically identical elements -- 2.4 Changes in children's phonological systems -- 3. Previous Accounts -- 4. Underspecification and Shadow-Specification.

4.1 Underspecification -- 4.2 Shadow-specification -- 5. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- RULE ORDERING IN CHILD PHONOLOGY -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Child Phonology -- 3. Examples of Rule Orderings -- 3.1 Feeding -- 3.2 Counter-Bleeding -- 3.3 Bleeding -- 3.4 Mutual Bleeding -- 3.5 Counter-Feeding -- 4.0 Can Intrinsic Ordering Work? -- 4.1 Strata -- 4.2 Performance Factors -- 5. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- DEFAULT FEATURES IN CONTOUR TONES: EVIDENCE FROM KRAHN/WOBÉ -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Yip and Bao Hypotheses -- 3. Contour Tones in Krahn/Wobé -- 4. The Hyman and Duanmu Hypotheses -- 5. Underspecification and Default Features -- 6. Contour Tones in Krahn/Wobé -- REFERENCES -- LEXICAL VERSUS POSTLEXICAL RULE APPLICATION IN CATALAN -- REFERENCES -- VARIATION IN PHONOLOGICAL ASSIMILATION OF IRISH LOANWORDS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Assimilation and Adoption -- 3. Consonants in Loanwords -- 4. Overdifferentiation -- 5. Consonant Sequences -- 6. Glides -- 7. Phonological Processes -- 8.Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- DIALECT VARIATION IN SORBÍAN REFLEXES OF THE COMMON SLAVIC jers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Data -- 3.The Problem -- 4. The VLR Hypothesis -- 5.Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX -- LANGUAGE INDEX.