Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks : A Practical Approach.
Title:
Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks : A Practical Approach.
Author:
ElNashar, Ayman.
ISBN:
9781118703458
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (610 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Authors' Biographies -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Chapter 1 LTE Network Architecture and Protocols -- 1.1 Evolution of 3GPP Standards -- 1.1.1 3GPP Release 99 -- 1.1.2 3GPP Release 4 -- 1.1.3 3GPP Release 5 -- 1.1.4 3GPP Release 6 -- 1.1.5 3GPP Release 7 -- 1.1.6 3GPP Release 8 -- 1.1.7 3GPP Release 9 and Beyond -- 1.2 Radio Interface Techniques in 3GPP Systems -- 1.2.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -- 1.2.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -- 1.2.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) -- 1.2.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) -- 1.3 Radio Access Mode Operations -- 1.3.1 Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) -- 1.3.2 Time Division Duplex (TDD) -- 1.4 Spectrum Allocation in UMTS and LTE -- 1.5 LTE Network Architecture -- 1.5.1 Evolved Packet System (EPS) -- 1.5.2 Evolved Packet Core (EPC) -- 1.5.3 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) -- 1.5.4 LTE User Equipment -- 1.6 EPS Interfaces -- 1.6.1 S1-MME Interface -- 1.6.2 LTE-Uu Interface -- 1.6.3 S1-U Interface -- 1.6.4 S3 Interface (SGSN-MME) -- 1.6.5 S4 (SGSN to SGW) -- 1.6.6 S5/S8 Interface -- 1.6.7 S6a (Diameter) -- 1.6.8 S6b Interface (Diameter) -- 1.6.9 S6d (Diameter) -- 1.6.10 S9 Interface (H-PCRF-VPCRF) -- 1.6.11 S10 Interface (MME-MME) -- 1.6.12 S11 Interface (MME-SGW) -- 1.6.13 S12 Interface -- 1.6.14 S13 Interface -- 1.6.15 SGs Interface -- 1.6.16 SGi Interface -- 1.6.17 Gx Interface -- 1.6.18 Gy and Gz Interfaces -- 1.6.19 DNS Interface -- 1.6.20 Gn/Gp Interface -- 1.6.21 SBc Interface -- 1.6.22 Sv Interface -- 1.7 EPS Protocols and Planes -- 1.7.1 Access and Non-Access Stratum -- 1.7.2 Control Plane -- 1.7.3 User Plane -- 1.8 EPS Procedures Overview -- 1.8.1 EPS Registration and Attach Procedures.
1.8.2 EPS Quality of Service (QoS) -- 1.8.3 EPS Security Basics -- 1.8.4 EPS Idle and Active States -- 1.8.5 EPS Network Topology for Mobility Procedures -- 1.8.6 EPS Identifiers -- References -- Chapter 2 LTE Air Interface and Procedures -- 2.1 LTE Protocol Stack -- 2.2 SDU and PDU -- 2.3 LTE Radio Resource Control (RRC) -- 2.4 LTE Packet Data Convergence Protocol Layer (PDCP) -- 2.4.1 PDCP Architecture -- 2.4.2 PDCP Data and Control SDUs -- 2.4.3 PDCP Header Compression -- 2.4.4 PDCP Ciphering -- 2.4.5 PDCP In-Order Delivery -- 2.4.6 PDCP in LTE versus HSPA -- 2.5 LTE Radio Link Control (RLC) -- 2.5.1 RLC Architecture -- 2.5.2 RLC Modes -- 2.5.3 Control and Data PDUs -- 2.5.4 RLC in LTE versus HSPA -- 2.6 LTE Medium Access Control (MAC) -- 2.7 LTE Physical Layer (PHY) -- 2.7.1 HSPA(+) Channel Overview -- 2.7.2 General LTE Physical Channels -- 2.7.3 LTE Downlink Physical Channels -- 2.7.4 LTE Uplink Physical Channels -- 2.8 Channel Mapping of Protocol Layers -- 2.8.1 E-UTRAN Channel Mapping -- 2.8.2 UTRAN Channel Mapping -- 2.9 LTE Air Interface -- 2.9.1 LTE Frame Structure -- 2.9.2 LTE Frequency and Time Domains Structure -- 2.9.3 OFDM Downlink Transmission Example -- 2.9.4 Downlink Scheduling -- 2.9.5 Uplink Scheduling -- 2.9.6 LTE Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) -- 2.10 Data Flow Illustration Across the Protocol Layers -- 2.10.1 HSDPA Data Flow -- 2.10.2 LTE Data Flow -- 2.11 LTE Air Interface Procedures -- 2.11.1 Overview -- 2.11.2 Frequency Scan and Cell Identification -- 2.11.3 Reception of Master and System Information Blocks (MIB and SIB) -- 2.11.4 Random Access Procedures (RACH) -- 2.11.5 Attach and Registration -- 2.11.6 Downlink and Uplink Data Transfer -- 2.11.7 Connected Mode Mobility -- 2.11.8 Idle Mode Mobility and Paging -- References.
Chapter 3 Analysis and Optimization of LTE System Performance -- 3.1 Deployment Optimization Processes -- 3.1.1 Profiling Device and User Behavior in the Network -- 3.1.2 Network Deployment Optimization Processes -- 3.1.3 Measuring the Performance Targets -- 3.1.4 LTE Troubleshooting Guidelines -- 3.2 LTE Performance Analysis Based on Field Measurements -- 3.2.1 Performance Evaluation of Downlink Throughput -- 3.2.2 Performance Evaluation of Uplink Throughput -- 3.3 LTE Case Studies and Troubleshooting -- 3.3.1 Network Scheduler Implementations -- 3.3.2 LTE Downlink Throughput Case Study and Troubleshooting -- 3.3.3 LTE Uplink Throughput Case Studies and Troubleshooting -- 3.3.4 LTE Handover Case Studies -- 3.4 LTE Inter-RAT Cell Reselection -- 3.4.1 Introduction to Cell Reselection -- 3.4.2 LTE to WCDMA Inter-RAT Cell Reselection -- 3.4.3 WCDMA to LTE Inter-RAT Cell Reselection -- 3.5 Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Optimization Considerations -- 3.5.1 SIB-19 Planning Strategy for UTRAN to E-UTRAN Cell Reselection -- 3.5.2 SIB-6 Planning Strategy for E-UTRAN to UTRAN Cell Reselection -- 3.5.3 Inter-RAT Case Studies from Field Test -- 3.5.4 Parameter Setting Trade-off -- 3.6 LTE to LTE Inter-frequency Cell Reselection -- 3.6.1 LTE Inter-Frequency Cell Reselection Rules -- 3.6.2 LTE Inter-Frequency Optimization Considerations -- 3.7 LTE Inter-RAT and Inter-frequency Handover -- 3.7.1 Inter-RAT and Inter-Frequency Handover Rules -- 3.7.2 Inter-RAT and Inter-Frequency Handover Optimization Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4 Performance Analysis and Optimization of LTE Key Features: C-DRX, CSFB, and MIMO -- 4.1 LTE Connected Mode Discontinuous Reception (C-DRX) -- 4.1.1 Concepts of DRX for Battery Saving -- 4.1.2 Optimizing C-DRX Performance.
4.2 Circuit Switch Fallback (CSFB) for LTE Voice Calls -- 4.2.1 CSFB to UTRAN Call Flow and Signaling -- 4.2.2 CSFB to UTRAN Features and Roadmap -- 4.2.3 Optimizing CSFB to UTRAN -- 4.3 Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) Techniques -- 4.3.1 Introduction to MIMO Concepts -- 4.3.2 3GPP MIMO Evolution -- 4.3.3 MIMO in LTE -- 4.3.4 Closed-Loop MIMO (TM4) versus Open-Loop MIMO (TM3) -- 4.3.5 MIMO Optimization Case Study -- References -- Chapter 5 Deployment Strategy of LTE Network -- 5.1 Summary and Objective -- 5.2 LTE Network Topology -- 5.3 Core Network Domain -- 5.3.1 Policy Charging and Charging (PCC) Entities -- 5.3.2 Mobility Management Entity (MME) -- 5.3.3 Serving Gateway (SGW) -- 5.3.4 PDN Gateway (PGW) -- 5.3.5 Interworking with PDN (DHCP) -- 5.3.6 Usage of RADIUS on the Gi/SGi Interface -- 5.3.7 IPv6 EPC Transition Strategy -- 5.4 IPSec Gateway (IPSec GW) -- 5.4.1 IPSec GW Deployment Strategy and Redundancy Options -- 5.5 EPC Deployment and Evolution Strategy -- 5.6 Access Network Domain -- 5.6.1 E-UTRAN Overall Description -- 5.6.2 Home eNB -- 5.6.3 Relaying -- 5.6.4 End-to-End Routing of the eNB -- 5.6.5 Macro Sites Deployment Strategy -- 5.6.6 IBS Deployment Strategy -- 5.6.7 Passive Inter Modulation (PIM) -- 5.7 Spectrum Options and Guard Band -- 5.7.1 Guard Band Requirement -- 5.7.2 Spectrum Options for LTE -- 5.8 LTE Business Case and Financial Analysis -- 5.8.1 Key Financial KPIs [31] -- 5.9 Case Study: Inter-Operator Deployment Scenario -- References -- Chapter 6 Coverage and Capacity Planning of 4G Networks -- 6.1 Summary and Objectives -- 6.2 LTE Network Planning and Rollout Phases -- 6.3 LTE System Foundation -- 6.3.1 LTE FDD Frame Structure -- 6.3.2 Slot Structure and Physical Resources -- 6.3.3 Reference Signal Structure -- 6.4 PCI and TA Planning -- 6.4.1 PCI Planning Introduction.
6.4.2 PCI Planning Guidelines -- 6.4.3 Tracking Areas (TA) Planning -- 6.5 PRACH Planning -- 6.5.1 Zadoff-Chu Sequence -- 6.5.2 PRACH Planning Procedures -- 6.5.3 Practical PRACH Planning Scenarios -- 6.6 Coverage Planning -- 6.6.1 RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR -- 6.6.2 The Channel Quality Indicator -- 6.6.3 Modulation and Coding Scheme and Link Adaptation -- 6.6.4 LTE Link Budget and Coverage Analysis -- 6.6.5 Comparative Analysis with HSPA+ -- 6.6.6 Link Budget for LTE Channels -- 6.6.7 RF Propagation Models and Model Tuning -- 6.7 LTE Throughput and Capacity Analysis -- 6.7.1 Served Physical Layer Throughput Calculation -- 6.7.2 Average Spectrum Efficiency Estimation -- 6.7.3 Average Sector Capacity -- 6.7.4 Capacity Dimensioning Process -- 6.7.5 Capacity Dimensioning Exercises -- 6.7.6 Calculation of VoIP Capacity in LTE -- 6.7.7 LTE Channels Planning -- 6.8 Case Study: LTE FDD versus LTE TDD -- References -- Chapter 7 Voice Evolution in 4G Networks -- 7.1 Voice over IP Basics -- 7.1.1 VoIP Protocol Stack -- 7.1.2 VoIP Signaling (Call Setup) -- 7.1.3 VoIP Bearer Traffic (Encoded Speech) -- 7.2 Voice Options for LTE -- 7.2.1 SRVCC and CSFB -- 7.2.2 Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) -- 7.3 IMS Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) -- 7.3.1 IMS Overview -- 7.3.2 VoLTE Call Flow and Interaction with IMS -- 7.3.3 Voice Call Continuity Overview -- 7.3.4 SRVCC from VoLTE to 3G/2G -- 7.3.5 Enhanced SRVCC (eSRVCC) -- 7.4 Key VoLTE Features -- 7.4.1 End-to-End QoS Support -- 7.4.2 Semi-Persistent Scheduler -- 7.4.3 TTI Bundling -- 7.4.4 Connected Mode DRX -- 7.4.5 Robust Header Compression (ROHC) -- 7.4.6 VoLTE Vocoders and De-Jitter Buffer -- 7.5 Deployment Considerations for VoLTE -- References -- Chapter 8 4G Advanced Features and Roadmap Evolutions from LTE to LTE-A.
8.1 Performance Comparison between LTE's UE Category 3 and 4.
Abstract:
This book provides an insight into the key practical aspects and best practice of 4G-LTE network design, performance, and deployment Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks addresses the key practical aspects and best practice of 4G networks design, performance, and deployment. In addition, the book focuses on the end-to-end aspects of the LTE network architecture and different deployment scenarios of commercial LTE networks. It describes the air interface of LTE focusing on the access stratum protocol layers: PDCP, RLC, MAC, and Physical Layer. The air interface described in this book covers the concepts of LTE frame structure, downlink and uplink scheduling, and detailed illustrations of the data flow across the protocol layers. It describes the details of the optimization process including performance measurements and troubleshooting mechanisms in addition to demonstrating common issues and case studies based on actual field results. The book provides detailed performance analysis of key features/enhancements such as C-DRX for Smartphones battery saving, CSFB solution to support voice calls with LTE, and MIMO techniques. The book presents analysis of LTE coverage and link budgets alongside a detailed comparative analysis with HSPA+. Practical link budget examples are provided for data and VoLTE scenarios. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a detailed explanation of capacity dimensioning of the LTE systems. The LTE capacity analysis in this book is presented in a comparative manner with reference to the HSPA+ network to benchmark the LTE network capacity. The book describes the voice options for LTE including VoIP protocol stack, IMS Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC). In addition, key VoLTE features are presented: Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), TTI bundling, Quality of Service (QoS), VoIP with C-DRX, Robust
Header Compression (RoHC), and VoLTE Vocoders and De-Jitter buffer. The book describes several LTE and LTE-A advanced features in the evolution from Release 8 to 10 including SON, eICIC, CA, CoMP, HetNet, Enhanced MIMO, Relays, and LBS. This book can be used as a reference for best practices in LTE networks design and deployment, performance analysis, and evolution strategy. Conveys the theoretical background of 4G-LTE networks Presents key aspects and best practice of 4G-LTE networks design and deployment Includes a realistic roadmap for evolution of deployed 3G/4G networks Addresses the practical aspects for designing and deploying commercial LTE networks. Analyzes LTE coverage and link budgets, including a detailed comparative analysis with HSPA+. References the best practices in LTE networks design and deployment, performance analysis, and evolution strategy Covers infrastructure-sharing scenarios for CAPEX and OPEX saving. Provides key practical aspects for supporting voice services over LTE, Written for all 4G engineers/designers working in networks design for operators, network deployment engineers, R&D engineers, telecom consulting firms, measurement/performance tools firms, deployment subcontractors, senior undergraduate students and graduate students interested in understanding the practical aspects of 4G-LTE networks as part of their classes, research, or projects.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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