Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- Notation -- CHAPTER 1: Precast Concepts, History and Design Philosophy -- 1.1 A Historical Note on the Development of Precast Frames -- 1.2 The Scope for Prefabricated Buildings -- 1.2.1 Modularisation and standardisation -- 1.3 Current Attitudes towards Precast Concrete Structures -- 1.4 Recent Trends in Design, and a New Definition for Precast Concrete -- 1.5 Precast Superstructure Simply Explained -- 1.5.1 Differences in precast and cast-in situ concrete structures -- 1.5.2 Structural stability -- 1.5.3 Floor plate action -- 1.5.4 Connections and joints -- 1.5.5 Foundations -- 1.6 Precast Design Concepts -- 1.6.1 Devising a precast solution -- 1.6.2 Construction methods -- CHAPTER 2: Procurement and Documentation -- 2.1 Initial Considerations for the Design Team -- 2.2 Design Procurement -- 2.2.1 Definitions -- 2.2.2 Responsibilities -- 2.2.3 Routes to procurement -- 2.2.4 Design office practice -- 2.2.5 Project design stages -- 2.2.6 Structural design calculations -- 2.2.7 Layout drawings -- 2.2.8 Component schedules and the engineer's instructions to factory and site -- 2.3 Construction Matters -- 2.3.1 Design implications -- 2.4 Codes of Practice, Design Manuals, Textbooks and Technical Literature -- 2.4.1 Codes and Building Regulations -- 2.4.2 Non-mandatory design documents -- 2.4.3 Other literature on precast structures -- 2.5 Definitions -- 2.5.1 General structural definitions -- 2.5.2 Components -- 2.5.3 Connections and jointing materials -- CHAPTER 3: Architectural and Framing Considerations -- 3.1 Frame and Component Selection -- 3.2 Component Selection -- 3.2.1 General principles -- 3.2.2 Roof and floor slabs -- 3.2.3 Staircases -- 3.2.4 Roof and floor beams -- 3.2.5 Beam-to-column connections -- 3.2.6 Columns -- 3.2.7 Bracing walls -- 3.3 Special Features.

3.3.1 Hybrid and mixed construction -- 3.3.2 Precast-in situ concrete structures -- 3.3.3 Structural steelwork and precast concrete in skeletal frames -- 3.3.4 Precast concrete with structural and glue-laminated timber -- 3.3.5 Precast concrete-masonry structures -- 3.3.6 The future of mixed construction -- 3.4 Balconies -- CHAPTER 4: Design of Skeletal Structures -- 4.1 Basis for the Design -- 4.2 Materials -- 4.2.1 Concrete -- 4.2.2 Concrete admixtures -- 4.2.3 Reinforcement -- 4.2.4 Prestressing steel -- 4.2.5 Structural steel and bolts -- 4.2.6 Non-cementitious materials -- 4.3 Structural Design -- 4.3.1 Terminology -- 4.3.2(a) Design methods -- 4.3.2(b) Reduced partial safety factors for precast design -- 4.3.3 Design of beams -- 4.3.4 Non-composite reinforced concrete beams -- 4.3.5 Beam boot design -- 4.3.6 Upstand design -- 4.3.7 Non-composite prestressed beams -- 4.3.8 Beam end shear design -- 4.3.9 Recessed beam ends -- 4.3.10 Design methods for end shear -- 4.3.11 Hanging shear cages for wide beams -- 4.3.12 Prefabricated shear boxes -- 4.4 Columns Subjected to Gravity Loads -- 4.4.1 General design -- 4.4.2 Columns in braced structures -- 4.4.3 Columns in unbraced structures -- 4.4.4 Columns in partially braced structures -- 4.5 Staircases -- 4.5.1 Reinforced concrete staircases -- 4.5.2 Prestressed concrete staircases -- 4.5.3 Staircase and landing end reinforcement -- CHAPTER 5: Design of Precast Floors Used in Precast Frames -- 5.1 Flooring Options -- 5.2 Hollow-core Slabs -- 5.2.1 General -- 5.2.2 Design -- 5.2.3 Design of cross section -- 5.2.4 Web thickness -- 5.2.5 Edge profiles -- 5.2.6 Reinforcement -- 5.2.7 Lateral load distribution -- 5.2.8 Flexural capacity -- 5.2.9 Precamber and deflections -- 5.2.10 Shear capacity -- 5.2.11 Anchorage and bond development lengths -- 5.2.12 Slippage of tendons.

5.2.13 Calculation of crack width -- 5.2.14 Cantilever design using hollow-core slabs -- 5.2.15 Bearing capacity -- 5.2.16 Wet cast hollow-core flooring -- 5.2.17 Summary examples of product design data -- 5.3 Double-Tee Slabs -- 5.3.1 General -- 5.3.2 Design -- 5.3.3 Flexural and shear capacity, precamber and deflections -- 5.3.4 Special design situations -- 5.4 Composite Plank Floor -- 5.4.1 General -- 5.4.2 Design -- 5.4.3 Voided composite slab -- 5.5 Precast Beam-and-Plank Flooring -- 5.5.1 General -- 5.5.2 Design of prestressed beams in the beam-and-plank flooring system -- 5.6 Design Calculations -- 5.6.1 Hollow-core unit -- CHAPTER 6: Composite Construction -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Texture of Precast Concrete Surfaces -- 6.2.1 Classification of surface textures -- 6.2.2 Surface treatment and roughness -- 6.2.3 Effects of surface preparation -- 6.3 Calculation of Stresses at the Interface -- 6.4 Losses and Differential Shrinkage Effects -- 6.4.1 Losses in prestressed composite sections -- 6.4.2 Design method for differential shrinkage -- 6.4.3 Cracking in the precast and in situ concrete -- 6.5 Composite Floors -- 6.5.1 General considerations -- 6.5.2 Flexural analysis for prestressed concrete elements -- 6.5.3 Propping -- 6.5.4 Design calculations -- 6.5.5 Ultimate limit state of shear -- 6.6 Economic Comparison of Composite and Non-composite Hollow-core Floors -- 6.7 Composite Beams -- 6.7.1 Flexural design -- 6.7.2 Propping -- 6.7.3 Horizontal interface shear -- 6.7.4 Shear check -- 6.7.5 Deflections -- CHAPTER 7: Design of Connections and Joints -- 7.1 Development of Connections -- 7.2 Design Brief -- 7.3 Joints and Connections -- 7.4 Criteria for Joints and Connections -- 7.4.1 Design criteria -- 7.5 Types of Joint -- 7.5.1 Compression joints -- 7.5.2 Tensile joints -- 7.5.3 Shear joints -- 7.5.4 Flexural and torsional joints.

7.6 Bearings and Bearing Stresses -- 7.6.1 Average bearing stresses -- 7.6.2 Localised bearing stresses -- 7.7 Connections -- 7.7.1 Pinned connections -- 7.7.2 Moment-resisting connections -- 7.8 Design of Specific Connections in Skeletal Frames -- 7.8.1 Floor slab to beam connections -- 7.8.2 Connections at supports -- 7.8.3 Connections at longitudinal joints -- 7.8.4 Floor connections at load-bearing walls - load-bearing components -- 7.9 Beam-to-Column and Beam-to-Wall Connections -- 7.9.1 Definitions for different assemblies -- 7.9.2 Connections to continuous columns using hidden steel inserts -- 7.9.3 Beam-to-column inserts -- 7.10 Column Insert Design -- 7.10.1 General considerations -- 7.10.2 Single-sided wide-section insert connections -- 7.10.3 Addition of welded reinforcement to wide-section inserts -- 7.10.4 Double-sided wide-section inserts -- 7.10.5 Three- and four-way wide-section connections -- 7.10.6 Narrow-plate column inserts -- 7.10.7 Cast-in sockets -- 7.10.8 Bolts in sleeves -- 7.11 Connections to Columns on Concrete Ledges -- 7.11.1 Corbels -- 7.11.2 Haunched columns -- 7.11.3 Connections to the tops of columns -- 7.12 Beam-to-Beam Connections -- 7.13 Column Splices -- 7.13.1 Types of splice -- 7.13.2 Column-to-column splices -- 7.13.3 Coupled joint splice -- 7.13.4 Welded plate splice -- 7.13.5 Grouted sleeve splice -- 7.13.6 Welded lap splice -- 7.13.7 Grouted sleeve coupler splice -- 7.13.8 Steel shoe splices -- 7.13.9 Columns spliced onto beams or other precast components -- 7.14 Column Base Connections -- 7.14.1 Columns in pockets -- 7.14.2 Columns on base plates -- 7.14.3 Columns on grouted sleeves -- CHAPTER 8: Designing for Horizontal Load -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Distribution of Horizontal Load -- 8.3 Horizontal Diaphragm Action in Precast Concrete Floors without Structural Toppings -- 8.3.1 Background.

8.3.2 Details -- 8.3.3 Structural models for diaphragm action -- 8.3.4 Diaphragm reinforcement -- 8.3.5 Design by testing -- 8.3.6 Finite element analysis of the floor plate -- 8.4 Diaphragm Action in Composite Floors with Structural Toppings -- 8.5 Horizontal Forces due to Volumetric Changes in Precast Concrete -- 8.6 Vertical Load Transfer -- 8.6.1 Introduction -- 8.6.2 Unbraced structures -- 8.6.3 Deep spandrel beams in unbraced structures -- 8.6.4 Braced structures -- 8.6.5 Uni-directionally braced structures -- 8.6.6 Partially braced structures -- 8.7 Methods of Bracing Structures -- 8.7.1 Infill shear walls -- 8.7.2 Design methods for infill concrete walls -- 8.7.3 Design method for brickwork infill panels -- 8.7.4 Infill walls without beam framing elements -- 8.7.5 Use of slip-formed or extruded hollow-core walls as infill walls -- 8.7.6 Cantilever shear walls and shear boxes -- 8.7.7 Hollow-core cantilever shear walls -- 8.7.8 Solid cantilever shear walls -- CHAPTER 9: Structural Integrity and the Design for Accidental Loading -- 9.1 Precast Frame Integrity - The Vital Issue -- 9.2 Ductile Frame Design -- 9.2.1 Structural continuity in precast skeletal frames -- 9.3 Background to the Present Requirements -- 9.4 Categorisation of Buildings -- 9.5 The Fully Tied Solution -- 9.5.1 Horizontal ties -- 9.5.2 Calculation of tie forces -- 9.5.3 Horizontal ties to columns -- 9.5.4 Ties at balconies -- 9.5.5 Vertical ties -- 9.6 Catenary Systems in Precast Construction -- CHAPTER 10: Site Practice and Temporary Stability -- 10.1 The Effects of Construction Techniques on Design -- 10.2 Designing for Pitching and Lifting -- 10.2.1 Early lifting strengths -- 10.2.2 Lifting points -- 10.2.3 Handling -- 10.2.4 Cracks -- 10.3 Temporary Frame Stability -- 10.3.1 Propping -- 10.3.2 The effect of erection sequence.

10.3.3 Special consideration for braced frames.