Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The Buddha and Buddhist Philosophy -- Buddhist Philosophy in Focus -- Aim and Structure of the Volume -- Notes -- References -- Part I: Conceptual Foundations -- 1: The Philosophical Context of Gotama's Thought -- Some Fundamental Problems -- Indian "Views" of Reality -- Indian Philosophy and/or Indian Religion? -- Siddhattha Gotama's Cultural and Intellectual Context -- Basic Elements of the Pre-Vedic View - The Remote Origins of Gotama's Thought -- The Meaning, Purpose, and End of Life -- Seeds and Fruit: Actions and their Consequences -- Basic Elements of the Vedic View: The Source of Gotama's Philosophical Concerns -- Basic Elements of the Post-Vedic View: The Immediate Context of Gotama's Thought -- Nine Darśanas -- Six "Orthodox" Darśanas -- Three "Heterodox" Darśanas -- Notes -- References -- 2: Dukkha, Non-Self, and the Teaching on the Four "Noble Truths" -- Dukkha as the First True Reality for the Spiritually Ennobled: The Painful -- The Five Bundles of Grasping-Fuel: The Factors of Personality -- Phenomena as Impermanent and Non-Self -- The Second True Reality for the Spiritually Ennobled: The Origin of the Painful -- The Third and Fourth True Realities for the Spiritually Ennobled: The Cessation of the Painful, and the Path to This -- The Cessation of Dukkha -- Notes -- References -- 3: The Conditioned Co-arising of Mental and Bodily Processes within Life and Between Lives -- The Centrality of Conditioned Co-arising -- The Principle of Conditionality -- The Meaning and Nature of Conditioned Co-arising -- Conditioned Co-arising, the Four True Realities for the Spiritually Ennobled, and Spiritual Practice -- Conditioned Co-arising, Non-Self, and the Khandhas -- The 12 Links (nidānas).

(Spiritual) Ignorance (avijjā -- Skt avidyā) -- Constructing Activities (the saṅkhāras -- Skt saṃskāras) -- Consciousness (viññāṇa -- Skt vijñāna) -- Name-and-Form/Mind-and-Body/Sentient Body (nāma-rūpa) -- The Six Sense-Bases (āyatanas) and Stimulation (phassa -- Skt sparśa) -- Feeling (vedanā) and Craving (taṇhā -- Skt tṛṣṇā) -- Grasping (upādāna) -- Becoming or Being (bhava) -- Birth (jāti) and Aging-and-Dying -- The Links Over Three Lives, and Over a Series of Moments -- Fathoming, Stilling, and Transcending the Subtle Web of Conditions -- Conditioned Co-arising as the Middle Way -- The Type of Relationship Conditioned Co-arising Concerns -- The General Nature of Conditioned Co-arising -- Mahāyāna Developments -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Major Schools of Buddhist Thought -- 4: Theravāda -- History and Context -- The Pāli Canon -- Theravāda Doctrine -- Focus of the Theravāda Abhidhamma -- The Canonical Abhidhamma -- Abhidhamma Commentaries -- Notes -- References -- 5: Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism -- Background -- Madhyamaka -- Yogācāra/Cittamātra -- Yogācāra-Madhyamaka -- Mahāyāna Path System -- Notes -- References -- 6: Tibetan Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna -- Introduction -- Philosophical Vajrayāna -- Variations of Madhyamaka -- Tantric Distinction -- Vajrayāna as Pantheism -- Notes -- References -- 7: East Asian Buddhism -- Historical Context -- Faxiang (法相 -- Jp. Hossō -- K. Beopsang) -- Sanlun (三 -- Jp. Sanron -- K. Samnon) -- Tiantai (天台 -- Jp. Tendai -- K. Cheontae) -- Huayan ( 嚴 -- Jp. Kegon -- K. Hwaeom) -- Zhenyan (真 -- Jp. Shingon) -- Pure Land (净土 Ch. Jìngtǔzōng -- Jp. Jōdo -- K. Jeongtojong) -- Chan (禪 Jp. Zen -- K. Seon) -- Notes -- Part III: Themes in Buddhist Philosophy -- A. Metaphysics -- 8: Metaphysical Issues in Indian Buddhist Thought -- Abhidharma -- Madhyamaka -- Yogācāra -- The school of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti -- Notes.

References -- 9: Emptiness in Mahāyāna Buddhism: Interpretations and Comparisons -- Madhyamaka: Emptiness as Absence of Intrinsic Existence -- Yogācāra: Emptiness of the Subject-Object Duality -- Buddha-Nature: Emptiness as Absence of Defilements -- The Emptiness of Views -- Emptiness as Therapeutic -- References -- 10: Practical Applications of the Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra and Madhyamaka in the Kālacakra Tantric Tradition -- Notes -- References -- 11: The Huayan Metaphysics of Totality -- References -- 12: Forms of Emptiness in Zen -- Lack of Own-Being -- Formlessness of Ultimate Reality -- Distinctionless State of Meditative Consciousness -- No-Mind in the Action of Non-Action -- Emptiness (or Emptying) of Emptiness -- Emptiness of Words -- Notes -- References -- 13: Between the Horns of Idealism and Realism: The Middle Way of Madhyamaka -- Introduction -- Buddhist Realists -- Buddhist Idealists -- Between the Horns: Madhyamaka -- The Two Truths Again -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- B. Epistemology -- 14: Between the Horns of Idealism and Realism: A Survey of Early Buddhist Epistemology -- The Historical Context of the Early Buddhist View of Knowledge -- Early Buddhist Epistemology: A Broad and Rich form of Empiricism -- Knowledge Claims Require Personal Verification -- Limitations on Human Knowledge: The Unexplained Questions (avyākatā) -- The All: Senses and Their Objects Define Reality -- An Empirical Account of Experience as a Natural Process -- The Role of Affective Modes of Experience in Cognition -- The Role of Knowledge in Achieving Spiritual Liberation (nibbāna) -- Notes -- References -- 15: Reason and Experience in Buddhist Epistemology -- Introductory Remarks -- Doubting, Knowing, and Seeing -- Emptiness, Rationality, and the Impossibility of Proof -- Cognitive Events, Logical Reasons, and Causal Explanation.

Conclusion: Knowledge as Enactive Transformation -- References -- 16: The Three Truths in Tiantai Buddhism -- Notes -- 17: "Spiritual Exercise" and Buddhist Epistemologists in India and Tibet -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- VI -- Notes -- References -- 18: Yogic Perception, Meditation, and Enlightenment: The Epistemological Issues in a Key Debate -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- VI -- VII -- Notes -- References -- C. Language and Logic -- 19: Language and Logic in Indian Buddhist Thought -- Introduction -- Logic in Indian Buddhism -- Conclusion -- References -- 20: Buddhist Philosophy of Logic -- Logic in Buddhist Philosophy -- The Role of Inference in Epistemology -- Logic or Epistemology? -- The Elements of Inference -- Buddhist Conception of Logic -- Logic in Buddhist Logic -- Notes -- References -- 21: Candrakīrti on the Limits of Language and Logic -- The Doctrine of Two Truths -- Cessation, Nirvana, and Nihilism -- The Doctrine of Emptiness -- Paradoxical Language -- The Four Positions (catuṣkoṭi) -- Candrakīrti on Bhāviveka's Use of Inferences and Syllogisms -- Candrakīrti on the Function of Valid Means of Knowledge -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 22: On the Value of Speaking and Not Speaking: Philosophy of Language in Zen Buddhism -- Language Versus Silence -- Zen Literature Seen through the Shift to the Dharma Hall -- Sense or Nonsense? -- Kōan as Monastic Narrative: Actions Speak Louder -- Notes -- References -- 23: The Voice of Another: Speech, Responsiveness, and Buddhist Philosophy -- Notes -- D. Philosophy of Mind -- 24: Mind in Theravāda Buddhism -- The First Five Factors: Contact, Feeling, Perception, Intention, Consciousness -- The Other Factors -- Additional Factors -- Mind and Cosmos -- Mind and Matter -- Notes -- References -- 25: Philosophy of Mind in Buddhism -- Why is Philosophy of Mind an Issue in Buddhism?.

Canonical Views on the Relation of Physical and Mental Events -- Nāgārjuna -- Vasubandhu -- Dharmakīrti -- Śāntideva -- Conclusion -- References -- 26: Cognition, Phenomenal Character, and Intentionality in Tibetan Buddhism -- The Phenomenal Character of Cognition -- Disjunctivism -- Not a Sense-Datum Theory -- Not an Intentionalist Theory -- Disjunctivism Again -- Epistemically Engaged Objects and Intentionality -- Correspondence and Perception -- Correspondence and Conception -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 27: The Non-Self Theory and Problems in Philosophy of Mind -- The Buddhist Non-Self Theory -- The Questions of King Milinda -- Vasubandhu's Rejection of the Self -- Agent and I-Consciousness -- The Non-Self Theory and Free Will -- References -- E. Ethics and Moral Philosophy -- 28: Ethical Thought in Indian Buddhism -- The Ethical Themes in Brief -- Was There a Moral Philosophy in Indian Buddhism? -- Ethical Themes in the Original Teaching of the Buddha -- Ethical Themes in Mahāyāna Buddhism -- Buddhist Moral Philosophy -- Notes -- References -- 29: Character, Disposition, and the Qualities of the Arahats as a Means of Communicating Buddhist Philosophy in the Suttas -- What is an Arahat? -- Sāriputta and Moggallāna: Two Strands of Meditative Practice -- Sāriputta -- Moggallāna -- Nuns, Laymen, and Laywomen -- Khemā -- Uppalavaṇṇā -- Wife and Nun: Yasodharā -- The Buddhist Understanding of Character -- Notes -- References -- 30: Compassion and the Ethics of Violence -- Definitions -- Compassion and the Rhetoric of Superiority -- The Benefit of Self and Other -- Compassion and Ontology -- The Ethics of Violence -- References -- 31: Buddhist Ethics and Western Moral Philosophy -- Introduction -- Buddhist Ethics as Virtue Ethics -- Buddhist Ethics as Consequentialism -- Buddhist Ethics and Other Western Moral Theories.

Buddhist Ethics and Western Moral Philosophy in Dialogue.