MATERIALS AND MAN'S NEEDS -- PREFACE -- MATERIALS AND MAN'S NEEDS -- Contents -- CHAPTER 1 MATERIALS AND SOCIETY -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANCE OF MATERIALS TO MAN -- MATERIALS IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAN AND IN PREHISTORY -- BRONZE AND IRON AGES -- MATERIALS IN CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION -- MEDIEVAL MATERIALS -- THE START OF A SCIENTIFIC MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY BASED ON CHEMISTRY -- THE NEW SCIENCE OF MATERIALS BASED ON STRUCTURE -- THE NEW SCIENCE OF MATERIALS AND ITS RELATION TO PHYSICS -- ENGINEERING ATTITUDES TOWARD MATERIALS IN THE 19TH CENTURY -- THE TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY -- RECOGNITION OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AS A COHERENT FIELD -- GOVERNMENT SUPPORT OF MATERIALS RESEARCH -- PERSPECTIVES ON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- CHAPTER 2 THE CONTEMPORARY MATERIALS SCENE -- THE NATURE OF MATERIALS -- THE NATURE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- MATERIALS IN THE U.S. ECONOMY -- THE MATERIALS CYCLE AND THE ROLE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- INNOVATION IN THE MATERIALS FIELD -- The Materials Revolution -- The Systems Approach -- Science-Intensive and Experience-Based Technologies -- Pace of Innovation -- Disciplinary to Interdisciplinary -- MATERIALS IN A CHANGING CONTEXT -- Changing National Priorities -- Materials Resources -- Energy, Environment -- The U.S. Trade Balance -- Technology Assessment -- The Federal Approach to Materials -- NATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPABILITY -- Manpower -- Trends in Basic and Applied Research -- Government Support of Materials Science and Engineering -- Universities -- Industrial Research and Development -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- APPENDIX 2A PROFILE OF MANPOWER IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- Method of Analysis -- The Engineers Register -- The Science Register -- Total Number of Materials Scientists and Engineers.

ATTACHMENT 2A.1 Specialty Areas in the 1969 National Engineers Register with MSE Score Greater Than 45 -- ATTACHMENT 2A.2 Specialty Areas in the 1968 National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel... -- CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AS A MULTIDISCIPLINE -- MATERIALS, THE MATERIALS CYCLE, AND THE ROLE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- CHANGING CHARACTER OF MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY -- Science-Intensive and Experience-Based Technologies -- Relative Pace of Innovation -- Disciplinarity, Interdisciplinarity, and Multidisciplinarity -- DEFINITION OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- SOME ASPECTS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- Materials -- Disciplines -- Activities and Style -- Relevance -- ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- Some Past Achievements -- Heatshield Design Problems -- Transistors -- Razor Blades -- Synthetic Fibers -- Textured Materials -- Integrated Circuits -- Aluminum Conductors -- Polymer-Modified Concrete -- TV Phosphors -- Ceramic Oxides -- Problems and Failures -- CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- General -- Nature of Materials Research -- Nature of Materials Development, Design, and Engineering -- Systems Approach to Materials Development -- Technological Systems of Materials -- Materials Cycle -- Methodology -- Contemporary Expansions of the Systems Approach -- Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Activities -- COUPLING WITHIN THE FIELD OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- Loosely-Coupled Multidisciplinary Activities, Tightly-Coupled Interdisciplinary Activities -- Factors Aiding Interdisciplinary Coupling in Materials Science and Engineering -- Basic Theme and Concepts -- Materials Preparation -- Experimental Techniques and Instrumentation -- Computers -- Importance of Purpose.

Institutional Aspects of Coupling -- Departmental Composition -- Geographical Barriers -- Size of Organization -- Member-of-the Club Principle -- Some Human Aspects of Coupling -- Key Individual -- Personal Satisfaction -- Nature of Groupings -- Supervision of Group -- Coupling Through Mobility of Personnel -- Roadblocks to Effective Coupling -- IMPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FOR UNIVERSITIES -- Education in Materials Science and Engineering -- University Research in Materials Science and Engineering -- Funding and Reward Mechanisms -- OUTPUTS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- Changing Nature of Materials Science and Engineering -- Changing Industrial Scene for Materials Science and Engineering -- Changing Societal Goals and Support-Base for Materials Science and Engineering -- Opportunities for Materials Science and Engineering in Some Areas of Concern to Society -- Resources, Substitutes, and Synthesis -- Materials for Housing and Urban Renewal -- Environmental Quality -- Materials Science and Engineering in Medicine and Biology -- Energy -- Diffusion of Materials Science and Engineering into Low-Technology Indus tries -- MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AND THE BROADER SCENE -- CASE STUDIES OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING -- APPENDIX 3A Heatshield Design Problems -- Introduction -- Reentry Environments -- Early Development -- Heatshield-Material Selection and Design Concepts -- Supporting Analytical Program -- Supporting Materials Program -- APPENDIX 3B Discovery of the Transistor -- The Research that Led to the Transistor -- APPENDIX 3C The Development of Coated Stainless Razor Blades -- APPENDIX 3D Synthetic Fibers -- Introduction -- The Materials Science -- The Engineering -- Additional Disciplines -- APPENDIX 3E Textured Materials.

APPENDIX 3F Integrated Circuits -- The Role of Materials Science and Engineering In Integrated Circuits -- APPENDIX 3G Aluminum Conductor Telephone Cables -- Introduction -- Problems in Substituting Aluminum for Copper In Telephone Cables -- Observations -- APPENDIX 3H Polymer Latex-Modified Portland Cement -- The People -- The Program -- Some Preliminary Considerations -- Experimental Methods -- Conclusions -- APPENDIX 3I Phosphors for TV -- The People -- The Program -- Knowledge Required -- Research Environment -- Results -- APPENDIX 3J Sintering of Ceramic Oxides, e.g. Lucalox -- APPENDIX 3K Interdisciplinary Research-An Exploration of Public Policy Issues* -- Roadblocks to Interdisciplinary Research -- Lessons for Interdisciplinary Research -- Strengths and Weaknesses in Interdisciplinary Research.