Environmental Epidemiology -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- Section One: Public Health And Hazardous Wastes: The Context -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: State and Federal Context for Environmental Epidemiology of Hazardous Wastes -- Chapter 3: Dimensions of the Problem: Exposure Assessment -- Section Two: Hazardous Wastes In Air, Water, Soil, And Food -- Biologic Markers -- Chapter 4: Air Exposures -- Chapter 5: Domestic Water Consumption -- Chapter 6: Soil and Food as Potential Sources of Exposure at Hazardous Waste Sites -- Chapter 7: Biologic Markers in Studies of Hazardous-Waste Sites -- CONCLUSIONS -- Section One Public Health and Hazardous Wastes: The Context -- 1 Introduction -- ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Epidemiologic Research -- Causal Inference -- Statistical Significance -- Causation In Epidemiology -- Strength of the Association -- Specificity of the Association -- Consistency of the Association -- Temporality -- Biologic Gradient or Relationship Between Estimated Exposure and Disease -- Effects of the Removal of a Suspected Cause -- Biological Plausibility -- CHALLENGES IN THE STUDY OF HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES -- Historical Context Of The Study -- Agency For Toxic Substances And Disease Registry -- OVERVIEW OF THIS VOLUME -- References -- 2 State and Federal Context for Environmental Epidemiology of Hazardous Wastes -- FEDERAL LEGISLATION, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS -- Hazardous-Waste Site Evaluation And Remediation -- Preremedial Process -- Remedial Process -- Development and Screening of Alternatives -- DISTRIBUTION OF EXPOSURE -- Universe Of Potential Exposures -- CHARACTERIZATION OF EXPOSURE -- Preremediation Phase -- Remediation Phase -- Deferral Of Sites And Nfrap Designation -- FEDERAL POLICIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY -- STATE PROGRAMS.

A REVISED FORM OF INITIAL SITE ASSESSMENT -- CONCLUSION -- References -- 3 Dimensions of the Problem: Exposure Assessment -- TOXIC-CHEMICAL EXPOSURE AT WASTE SITES -- Hazardous-Waste Sites -- Unidentified Or Uncharacterized Contaminants -- Nonpoint Sources -- ASSESSMENT OF THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF EXPOSURE -- Routes Of Exposure -- Measurement Of Exposure -- Limitations Of Data On Exposure -- EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT IN SPECIFIC EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS -- Woburn, Massachusetts -- Fresno County, California -- Santa Clara County, California -- Mccoll Site, Fullerton, California -- Stringfellow Site, Glen Avon, California -- Lowell, Massachusetts -- Hamilton, Ontario -- Love Canal, New York -- County Of Residence As Surrogate -- Other Studies Of Contaminated Drinking Water -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX 3-A -- APPENDIX 3-B -- References -- Section Two Hazardous Wastes in Air, Water, Soil, and Food -- Biologic Markers -- 4 Air Exposures -- MORTALITY STUDIES -- Longitudinal Analysis -- CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES OF MORTALITY -- CHRONIC MORBIDITY STUDIES -- Longitudinal Analysis -- Cross-Sectional Studies Of Morbidity -- Community Studies -- Individual Studies -- ACUTE MORBIDITY STUDIES -- Diary Studies -- Population-Based Studies -- Large Data Bank Analyses -- SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS -- The Sick Building Syndrome -- Asthma And Other Respiratory Problems -- Monitoring Of Air Pollutants -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 5 Domestic Water Consumption -- THMS AND OTHER WATER QUALITY VARIABLES -- TOXIC DUMP SITE EXPOSURES -- Cancer As The End Point -- ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES -- OTHER HEALTH END POINTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 6 Soil and Food as Potential Sources of Exposure at Hazardous-Waste Sites -- CHEMICAL EXPOSURE THROUGH FISH AND OTHER FOODS -- Mercury Contamination -- Cadmium Contamination -- DDT -- Dioxin -- PCBs -- Exposure To PCBs Through Other Routes.

DIRECT EXPOSURE FROM DUMPS -- Arsenic -- Lead Exposure -- Mixed Chemical Exposure -- DETECTION OF CONTAMINANTS -- Pesticide Contamination Of Food -- Animals As Sentinels -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 7 Biologic Markers in Studies of Hazardous-Waste Sites -- TYPES OF MARKERS -- USE OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS IN STUDIES OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES -- Biologic Monitoring Of Hazardous-Waste And Other Workers -- General Environmental And Occupational Health Research -- Goal Of Biologic Monitoring Studies -- VALIDATION -- MARKERS OF EXPOSURE, EFFECT, AND SUSCEPTIBILITY -- DNA And Protein Adducts, Markers Of Exposure -- Immune-System Markers Of Effect -- Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Marker Of Susceptibility -- ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 8 General Conclusions -- STATE AND FEDERAL CONSTRAINTS -- PROBLEMS OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -- AIR POLLUTION FROM HAZARDOUS WASTES -- DOMESTIC WATER CONTAMINATED WITH HAZARDOUS WASTES -- SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HAZARDOUS WASTES -- CONCLUSIONS -- Index.