Theoretical Approaches and Calculations -- X-Ray and Neutron Optical Systems -- The BESSY Raytrace Program RAY -- Neutron Beam Phase Space Mapping -- Raytrace of Neutron Optical Systems with RESTRAX -- Wavefront Propagation -- Theoretical Analysis of X-Ray Waveguides -- Focusing Optics for Neutrons -- Volume Effects in Zone Plates -- Nano-Optics Metrology -- Slope Error and Surface Roughness -- The Long Trace Profilers -- The Nanometer Optical Component Measuring Machine -- Shape Optimization of High Performance X-Ray Optics -- Measurement of Groove Density of Diffraction Gratings -- The COST P7 Round Robin for Slope Measuring Profilers -- Hartmann and Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensors for Sub-nanometric Metrology -- Extraction of Multilayer Coating Parameters from X-Ray Reflectivity Data -- Refection/Refraction Optics -- Hard X-Ray Microoptics -- Capillary Optics for X-Rays -- Reflective Optical Arrays -- Reflective Optical Structures and Imaging Detector Systems -- CLESSIDRA: Focusing Hard X-Rays Efficiently with Small Prism Arrays -- Multilayer Optics Developments -- Neutron Supermirror Development -- Stress Reduction in Multilayers Used for X-Ray and Neutron Optics -- Multilayers with Ultra-Short Periods -- Specially Designed Multilayers -- Diffraction Optics -- Diffractive-Refractive Optics: X-ray Crystal Monochromators with Profiled Diffracting Surfaces -- Neutron Multiple Reflections Excited in Cylindrically Bent Perfect Crystals and Their Possible use for High-Resolution Neutron Scattering -- Volume Modulated Diffraction X-Ray Optics -- High Resolution 1D and 2D Crystal Optics Based on Asymmetric Diffractors -- Thermal Effects under Synchrotron Radiation Power Absorption.