Part I. State and Society: Theoretical Approaches -- Chapter 1 State and Society in Turkish Political Experience -- 1 The Theory -- 2 The Turkish Experience -- Chapter 2 Political Modernization, the State, and Democracy: Approaches to the Study of Politics in Turkey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Political Modernization -- 3 The Revival of the State -- 4 Liberal Democracy -- Chapter 3 Freedom in an Ottoman Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Ottoman "Tacit" Contract -- Part II. Political Structure -- Chapter 4 The Status of the President of the Republic under the Turkish Constitution of 1982: Presidentialism or Parliamentarism? -- Chapter 5 The 1983 Parliament in Turkey: Changes and Continuities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Turnover of Seats in the Turkish Grand National Assembly -- 3 Unruly Legislative Behavior in the TGNA -- 4 Unruly Legislative Behavior and Political Attitudes -- 5 Political Career Patterns and Professionalization -- 6 Executive - Legislative Relations -- Part III. Political Processes and Political Actors -- Chapter 6 Political Parties and the Party System in Post-1983 Turkey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Pre-1980 Period -- 3 Characteristics of Turkish Political Parties -- 4 Characteristics of the Party System -- 5 Restructuring of the Party System -- 6 New Parties and the Party System -- 7 Post-Election Party Politics -- 8 The Transformation of the Post-1983 Party System -- Chapter 7 The 1983 General Elections in Turkey: Continuity or Change in Voting Patterns? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Maladies of the Party System -- 3 Measuring Post-1961 Partisan Structure -- 4 The 1983 Election: Reinstatement or Reform? -- 5 Developments Since the Elections of 1983 -- Chapter 8 Political Leadership in Turkey: Continuity and Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The 1983 Grand National Assembly -- 3 Conclusion.

Chapter 9 The State, Politics and Religion in Turkey -- 1 The State and Civil Society in Turkey -- 2 Religion and the State in Turkey -- 3 Development of Democratic Politics -- 4 Intervention of the Military -- 5 Growth of the Influence of Islam -- 6 Conclusion -- Part IV. The Military -- the State, and Politics -- Chapter 10 Military Interventions: Army-Civilian Relations in Turkey Before and After 1980 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Background of the First Military Intervention -- 3 Aftermath of the 1960 Intervention -- 4 Interlude: The Takeover of 1971 -- 5 Final Intervention: Characteristics of the 1980 Takeover -- 6 Conclusion: Outlook for the Future -- Chapter 11 Transitions to Civilian Governments in Turkey: The Military Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Legacies, Plans and Proposals -- 3 The Military and the Politicians, 1980-1983 -- 4 Summing-Up -- Chapter 12 The Role of the Military in Turkey: Guardians or Decision-Makers? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Importance of the Military -- 3 Trends -- 4 The 1960 Precedent -- 5 The 1971 Ultimatum: Way Station to 1980 -- 6 To 1980: The Generals' Intervention -- 7 Remaking the System -- 8 Transition Turbulence -- 9 Outlook -- Part V. The State and Democracy -- Chapter 13 Changing Patterns of Cleavages Before and After 1980 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Military Intervention in 1980 -- 3 The 1982 Constitution -- 4 Changes Shown by 1980 Intervention -- Chapter 14 The Military, the Presidency, and the Constitution: Comparisons Between the Weimar Republic, France 1958, and Turkey 1982 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Weimar Republic -- 3 France -- 4 Turkey -- 5 Some Comparisons -- Chapter 15 Transitions to Democracy: Turkey's Experience in Historical and Comparative Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modernization in Turkey -- 3 Turkey's Difficulties with Democracy -- 4 Influence of Atatürk.

5 Political Parties and Living Conditions in Turkey -- 6 Post-1983 Reform -- Chapter 16 Conclusion -- Selected Bibliography -- Contributors.