The Forensic Examination and Interpretation of Tool Marks.
Title:
The Forensic Examination and Interpretation of Tool Marks.
Author:
Baldwin, David.
ISBN:
9781118374184
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (278 pages)
Series:
Essential Forensic Science
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Series Foreword: Essentials of Forensic Science -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Companion Website -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview of contents -- 1.2 A brief history of tool marks -- 1.3 General aspects of marks' comparison -- 1.4 Training requirements for examiners -- 1.5 Good forensic practice -- 1.6 Examination and comparison strategy -- 1.6.1 Analysis -- 1.6.2 Comparison -- 1.6.3 Evaluation -- 1.6.4 Verification -- 1.7 Environment and equipment -- 1.7.1 Basic requirements -- 1.7.2 Examiner's 'toolbox' -- 1.7.3 Test mark and casting materials -- 1.7.4 Larger equipment -- 1.7.4.1 The comparator -- 1.8 Quality assurance -- 1.9 A brief summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Tool Manufacture -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Working with metal -- 2.3 Creating a tool 'blank' -- 2.3.1 Forging -- 2.3.2 Blanking and shearing -- 2.3.3 Metal cutting operations -- 2.4 Finishing processes -- 2.5 Wear, corrosion and damage -- References -- Chapter 3 Scene Examination -- 3.1 Examining and recording the scene -- 3.2 General preliminaries -- 3.2.1 Verifying the circumstances -- 3.2.2 Recording the scene -- 3.2.3 Scene to scene linking -- 3.2.4 Packaging -- 3.3 Forced entry marks-levering -- 3.3.1 Recovery of levering marks -- 3.4 Forced entry marks-other -- 3.4.1 Hammer-type attack -- 3.4.2 Gripping tool attacks -- 3.4.3 Motor vehicle entry -- 3.5 Entry by cutting -- 3.5.1 Padlock removal -- 3.5.2 Breached security systems -- 3.6 Theft of metal -- 3.7 Examination of machines -- 3.8 Pathology samples -- 3.9 Collecting suspect tools -- References -- Chapter 4 Initial Laboratory Examination -- 4.1 General preliminaries -- 4.1.1 Receiving items -- 4.1.2 Planning the examination -- 4.1.3 Preparing for the examination -- 4.1.4 Collecting the items.
4.1.5 Decontamination of item packaging -- 4.1.6 Operating procedures -- 4.1.7 Recording and opening the packaging -- 4.1.8 Description of the item -- 4.1.9 Examination of the item -- 4.2 Mainly impressed marks -- 4.2.1 Levering marks -- 4.2.2 Impact marks -- 4.2.3 Gripping marks -- 4.2.4 The tool(s) -- 4.3 Mainly dynamic marks -- 4.3.1 Levering marks with striations -- 4.3.2 Cutting and stabbing marks -- 4.4 Saw marks -- 4.5 Post-mortem samples -- 4.6 Alphanumeric punches -- 4.7 Using tool marks for intelligence purposes -- 4.7.1 Type and size of tool -- 4.7.2 Scene-to-scene linking without a tool -- 4.7.3 Scene-to-scene linking using a tool recovered from a scene -- 4.7.4 Linking suspect's tool(s) to previously unsuspected scenes -- 4.7.5 Setting up a database -- References -- Chapter 5 Detailed Laboratory Examination -- 5.1 First considerations -- 5.2 Presentation of material to the comparator -- 5.3 Impressed marks -- 5.4 Marks with striations -- 5.4.1 Sliding marks -- 5.4.2 Double-bladed cutting tools -- 5.4.3 Stab marks (in tyres and bones) -- 5.5 Saw marks -- 5.5.1 Initial and final cuts -- 5.5.2 Sawn ends -- 5.6 Specialised marks -- 5.6.1 Alphanumeric punches -- 5.6.2 Drill marks -- 5.6.3 Slide hammers -- 5.6.4 Pipe cutters -- 5.7 Other considerations -- 5.7.1 Test marks made in situ -- 5.7.2 Amount of detail required for comparison -- 5.7.3 Use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) -- References -- Chapter 6 Interpretation and Evaluation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Interpretation -- 6.1.2 Evaluation -- 6.1.3 Interpretation and evaluation -- 6.1.4 Scene-to-scene linking -- 6.2 Considerations as the laboratory examination progresses -- 6.2.1 Eliminations and inconclusive evidence -- 6.2.2 Identifications and levels of support -- 6.3 Other considerations -- 6.4 Verification -- 6.5 After the examination.
6.6 Quality assurance -- References -- Chapter 7 Manufacturing Marks: Involving Tool Mark Related Examinations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Screws -- 7.3 Insulated cable -- 7.4 Copied coins -- 7.5 Security ties/tags -- Reference -- Chapter 8 Physical Fits: Involving Tool Mark Related Examinations -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Scene examination -- 8.3 Categories of physical fit and laboratory examination -- 8.3.1 Jigsaw fits -- 8.3.1.1 Multiple broken pieces -- 8.3.2 Physical fits requiring tool mark skills -- 8.3.3 Physical fits requiring knowledge of manufacturing detail -- 8.3.3.1 Broken items -- 8.3.3.2 Cut items -- 8.3.4 Contact 'fits' -- 8.4 Evaluation -- Chapter 9 Plastic Film Examinations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The 'blown film' process -- 9.2.1 Extrusion -- 9.2.2 Bag production and construction -- 9.2.2.1 Heat sealing, perforating and cutting -- 9.2.2.2 Gussets -- 9.2.2.3 Press seals -- 9.2.2.4 Printing -- 9.3 Laboratory considerations -- 9.3.1 Preliminaries -- 9.3.2 Equipment -- 9.4 Laboratory examination and evaluation -- 9.4.1 Pigmented bags -- 9.4.1.1 One unknown bag versus one known bag -- 9.4.1.2 Unknown bag(s) versus a roll/set of known bags -- 9.4.2 Self-seal bags -- 9.4.3 Wrapping film -- 9.4.4 Self-adhesive tape -- References -- Chapter 10 Summary -- References -- Glossary -- Index -- Supplemental Images.
Abstract:
The Forensic Examination and Interpretation of Tool Marks brings together key techniques and developments in the field of tool marks in forensic science and explains clearly how tool mark analysis can be used within forensic investigation. The purpose of this book is to bring together as much of this information as possible in an accessible manner. The book deals with all aspects of tool mark evidence from crime scene to courtroom. The examination of a wide variety of different tool marks are discussed, including those made by specific tools such as saws and in complex materials such as bone. The general principles and techniques used in tool mark examinations can also be applied to some other closely related fields. Therefore, sections on the examination of manufacturing marks, including those on plastic film items, and physical fit comparisons are also included. The book will be of interest to a wide range of people and not just to tool mark examiners and people studying forensic science. It will be of use to crime scene examiners, officers investigating crimes where tool marks are found and members of the legal professions. Brings together key techniques and developments within the field of tool mark investigation. Includes material on examining tool marks at the crime scene and in the laboratory, interpretation and evaluation issues and how tool mark evidence should be presented in court. Covers specialized tool mark examinations, manufacturing marks, including those on plastic film items, and physical fits. Includes a large range of illustrations and photographs. Invaluable reference for practicing forensic scientists, students of forensic sciences, members of the legal professions and crime scene investigators, enabling them to recognise the importance of tool marks within an investigation. An extremely valuable resource in the on-going
debate regarding the evidential value of tool marks in court. Part of the 'Essentials in Forensic Science' book series.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Genre:
Electronic Access:
Click to View