The Handbook of Global Climate and Environment Policy -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- Part I Global Policy Challenges -- Chapter 1 Global Climate Change -- Understanding the "Problem(s)" of Climate Change -- Climate Science -- Beyond Climate Science: What Kind of Problem Is Climate Change? -- The Global Responses to Climate Change -- Multilateral Governance -- Beyond the Multilateral Process -- Caught between a Rock and a Hard Place? -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Global Water Governance -- Introduction: Global Water Challenges -- The Organization of Water Governance -- The Phases of Governance -- Phase 1: Transboundary Institutionalization Experiments (pre-1960) -- Phase 2: Global Water Policy Initiatives (1960-1992) -- Phase 3: Hybridization of Policy Initiatives (1992-2003) -- Phase 4: Attempt at System-Wide Coherence (2003-2012) -- The Policy Arena -- Introduction -- 1960-1990 -- 1992-2003 -- The Law Arena -- Phases -- Principles -- The UN Watercourses Convention -- UNECE Convention -- Berlin Rules -- Supranational and Transboundary Agreements -- Groundwater Rules -- The Human Right to Water -- Court Cases on Water -- Other Legal Regimes with an Impact on Water -- The "Water Wars" Debate -- Key Issues in Water Governance for the Twenty-first Century -- References -- Chapter 3 Biodiversity and Conservation -- The Importance of Biodiversity and the Current Challenges -- The Initial Global Regulatory Response -- The Convention on Biological Diversity -- The CBD's Inherent Weaknesses -- The CBD's Regulatory Development -- The CBD's Strategic Deployment of Targets -- The CBD's Identity and the Direction of International Biodiversity Preservation Law -- References -- Chapter 4 Marine Environment Protection -- Introduction -- The Marine Environment -- International Legal Background for the Use of the Marine Environment.

International Shipping -- Impacts of Shipping on the Marine Environment -- Regulating International Shipping -- Fisheries -- Impacts of Fisheries on the Marine Environment -- International and Regional Activities and Regulations for Fisheries -- Conclusions: Special Challenges in International Marine Protecting Policies -- References -- Chapter 5 Deforestation -- Introduction -- Defining Forests as a Political Problem -- From Vienna to Rio: A Century of International Cooperation on Forests (1892-1992) -- International Tropical Timber Organization -- Tropical Forestry Action Plan -- The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development -- International Forest Politics since Rio -- REDD: An Evolving Concept -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Biotechnology and Biosafety -- Biosafety: An Anticipatory Governance Challenge -- The (Contested) Problem of Biosafety -- Global Policy Approaches -- Global Biosafety Governance: What Kind of Science-Society Contract? -- Global Biosafety Governance: Privileging Harmonization or Diversity? -- Global Biosafety Governance: Norm Conflicts or Collusion? -- Global Biosafety Governance: The Trials and Triumphs of Disclosure? -- Conclusions and Global Policy Implications -- References -- Chapter 7 Global Chemicals Politics and Policy -- Introduction -- The Nature of the Chemicals Issue -- The Chemicals Regime -- Improving Regime Effectiveness -- Future Research and Policy Needs -- References -- Part II Concepts and Approaches -- Chapter 8 Global Environmental Norms -- Introduction -- The Conceptual Landscape: Definitions and Antecedents -- The Evolution of Global Environmental Norms -- Explaining Norm Emergence and Evolution -- Norms and Power: Two Views -- What Do Norms Do? Influence and Impact -- Contestation and the Future of Global Environmental Norms -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 Global Governance.

Introduction -- Global Governance as an Academic Approach -- Global Environmental Governance -- Global Environmental Governance as Practice -- Norm Creation -- Informational Governance -- Standard-Setting -- Capacity-Building and Implementation -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 10 Global Environmental Security -- Introduction -- The Many Meanings of Security -- Atmospheric Security: Nuclear Weapons, Ozone, and Climate -- Sustainable Development and Environmental Security -- Climate Security -- Adaptation -- Geoengineering -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 International Environmental Law -- Introduction -- Standard-Setting -- Treaties -- Non-treaty Norms -- Implementation -- Compliance -- Two Models of Compliance -- Sources of Information -- Promoting Compliance -- Responding to Non-compliance -- Institutions -- Evaluating the New Directions in International Environmental Law -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Green Growth -- Introduction -- From Sustainable Development to Green Growth: The Role of Environmental Discourses -- The Standard Argument for Green Growth -- The "Strong" Versions of Green Growth -- Green Keynesianism: Environmental Stimulus in Recession -- Growth Theory: Correcting Market Failures -- Comparative Advantage and Technological Revolution: Innovation and Industrial Policy -- Conclusion: The Political Economy of Green Growth -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 13 Sustainable Consumption -- Introduction -- Global Sustainable Consumption Governance to Date -- Sustainable Consumption Research to Date -- Impacts, Determinants, and Interventions -- Controversy: The More or Less Sovereign Consumer -- The Challenges of Strong Sustainable Consumption -- Sustainable Consumption and Global Climate Policy -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 14 Climate Change Justice -- Introduction.

Distributing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Justly -- Which Burdens, Whose Responsibility? -- Climate Change Justice and the Global Policy Mix -- Economic Efficiency -- Distributive Equity -- Political Legitimacy -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III Global Actors, Institutions, and Processes -- Chapter 15 The Nation-State, International Society, and the Global Environment -- Introduction -- The Nation-State and the Ecological Challenge -- Inside-out: Domestic Sources of Foreign Environmental Policy -- Societal Interests: Environmental NGOs and Business -- Statist Approaches -- Outside-in: The Greening of the International System -- Power and Hegemony -- Green Norms in International Society -- Policy Diffusion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16 Transnational Environmental Activism -- Introduction -- Defining Environmental Activists -- Environmental NGOs -- Environmental Movements and Networks -- Global Civil Society -- Aims and Activities of Environmental Activism -- Changing Corporate Practices -- Changing International Organizations -- Influencing Global Summits and Multilateral Environmental Agreements -- Global Policy Dimensions: How Do Environmentalists Impact Climate Change? -- Can Institutions and Processes Be Made to Work Better? -- Conclusions -- Note -- References -- Chapter 17 Business as a Global Actor -- Introduction -- The Significance of Business Actors -- Channels of Influence -- Lobbying -- Market Influence -- Rule-setting -- Issue-framing -- Intervening Factors -- NGO Campaigns -- Business Conflict -- Business Coalitions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 International Regime Effectiveness -- Introduction -- The Development of International Environmental Politics -- Regime Effectiveness: Conceptual Challenges and Solutions -- The Link between the Policy Development and the Research Agendas -- Some Key Conceptual Challenges.

Are Regimes Effective: When and Why? -- The Lack of Effectiveness of the Climate Regime -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19 Strengthening the United Nations -- Introduction -- Environmental Policy in the UN System: Key Concepts and Institutions -- United Nations Environment Programme -- United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development -- International Environmental Governance at Country Level -- Global Policy Dimensions: Ambitions and Obstacles Regarding a Substantive Strengthening of the UN's Environmental Governance Architecture -- Conclusions and Global Policy Implications: The Prospects for a Strengthened UN -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 20 International Negotiations -- Introduction -- Analytical Perspectives on Negotiations -- Rationalism -- Constructivism -- Insider Perspectives and Empirical Accounts -- Climate Change Negotiations -- Future Prospects and Policy Recommendations -- Promising Research Directions -- Rethinking the Link between Institutions, Negotiations, and Governance -- Changes in Policy Preferences -- Argumentation and Persuasion in Negotiations -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 21 Regionalism and Environmental Governance -- Introduction -- Institutionalizing Environmental Protection -- Environmental Leadership through Multi-level Reinforcement -- The Normative Dimension to Environmental Protection -- Framing Environmental Leadership as an Opportunity -- The EU and Environmental Norm Diffusion -- Monitoring, Enforcement, and Compliance -- Stimulating Sub-national Civil Society Cooperation at the Regional Level -- Regionalism and Environmental Cooperation in the International Context -- Bilateral Environmental Agreements -- North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation -- Regional Approaches to Addressing Climate Change in North America -- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Conclusion.