Contents -- Preface -- A. Overview and Outlook -- 1. The Route of AnaerobicWaste (Water) Treatment toward Global Acceptance G. Lettinga -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Roots of Modern High Rate AnWT -- 2.1 Historical aspects of PuSan with AnDi system (e.g., McCarty, 2001) -- 2.2 Historical aspects of high-rate AnWT -- 3 Development of Anaerobic Upflow Sludge Bed Systems -- 3.1 Conventional UASB (Lettinga 1995) -- 3.2 The EGSB system -- 3.3 Other high rate reactor designs -- 4 Place of AnWT in EP -- 5 What Could the Future Bring? -- References -- B. Full-Scale Applications -- 2. Developments of New Anaerobic Treatment Technology in France R. Moletta -- 1 Introduction -- 2 New Anaerobic Treatment Technologies -- 2.1 Anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AMBBR) -- 2.1.1. Reactor configuration -- 2.1.2. Wastewater characteristics -- 2.1.3. Biofilm carriers -- 2.1.4. Influence of organic loading rate on the COD removal efficiency -- 2.2 Floating anaerobic filter reactor PROVEO -- 2.2.1. Description of the developed process -- 2.2.2. Assessment of process performances -- 2.2.3. Design parameters -- 2.2.4. Examples of industrials applications -- 2.3 Anaerobic membrane bioreactor -- 2.3.1. Process overview -- 2.3.2. Performance -- 2.4 Organic solid waste digestion: the ERGENIUMTM technology -- 2.4.1. Description of the process -- 2.4.2. Model and simulation -- 2.4.3. Implementation of ERGENIUMTM with a total recycle of C, N and P -- 2.5 Control of biogas quality -- 2.5.1. Description of the developed process -- 2.5.2. Simplified model of KLa -- 2.5.3. Control algorithm -- 2.5.4. Assessment of process performances -- References -- 3. Applications and New Developments of Biogas Technology in Japan Yu-You Li and Takuro Kobayashi -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Applications of Biogas Technology in Japan -- 2.1 Sewage sludge -- 2.1.1. History -- 2.1.2. Applications.

2.1.3. Example 1: Sludge treatment centers in Yokohama city (Li and Nishimura 2007) -- 2.1.4. Example 2: Process configuration of the WWTP in Yamagata (Noike 2008) -- 2.2 Night soil (human waste) -- 2.2.1. History -- 2.2.2. Applications -- 2.2.3. Example 1: Hokko plant (Inoue 2009) -- 2.3 Livestock waste -- 2.3.1. History -- 2.3.2. Applications -- 2.3.3. Treatment of digested sludge -- 2.3.4. Example: Yagi Bio-ecology center (Ogawa et al. 2005) -- 2.4 Municipal solid wastes -- 2.4.1. History -- 2.4.2. Applications -- 2.4.3. Example 1: Campo Recycle Plaza (Kawamura et al. 2005) -- 2.4.4. Example 2: Operating biogas plants in Hokkaido (Tanikawa et al. 2008) -- 2.5 Wastewater treatment -- 2.5.1. History -- 2.5.2. Applications -- 3 New Developments in Biogas Technology in Japan -- 3.1 Anaerobic membrane reactor -- 3.2 Two-phase fermentation for hydrogen and methane production -- 3.3 Biological desulfurization of biogas -- References -- 4. Anaerobic Sewage Treatment using UASB Reactors: Engineering and Operational Aspects J. B. Van Lier et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reactor Size and Shape -- 2.1 Size -- 2.2 Basic shape -- 3 Influent Distribution System -- 3.1 Final distribution box -- 3.2 Blockages to inlet pipes -- 3.3 Inlet pipes diameter -- 4 Gas-Liquid-Solid (GLS) Separator -- 4.1 GLS separator designs -- 4.2 Materials of construction -- 4.3 Deflector type -- 5 Effluent Collection -- 6 SludgeWithdrawal and Sludge Sampling -- 6.1 Sludge withdrawal -- 6.2 Sludge sampling -- 7 Scum Removal -- 7.1 Scum in the settler section -- 7.2 Scum in the gas hood -- 8 Reactor Covers and Emission Prevention -- 9 Future Outlook: Treatment of Concentrated Sewage -- 10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5. Application of UASB Technology for Sewage Treatment with a Novel Post-treatment Process S. Uemura and H. Harada -- 1 Introduction.

2 Treatment of Sewage by the UASB Process -- 2.1 Performance of full-scale UASB reactors under moderate to tropical conditions -- 2.2 Application of UASB to sewage treatment under psychrophilic conditions -- 2.3 State-of-the-art of sewage treatment by UASB in India -- 2.4 Post-treatment for UASB-treated sewage -- 3 Down-Flow Hanging Sponge Process -- 3.1 Basic concept of DHS -- 3.2 History of DHS evolution -- 3.3 Characteristics of DHS sludge yield -- 3.4 Performance of a full-scale DHS G2 plant in India -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- C. Emerging Technologies -- 6. Anaerobic Granulation and Granular Sludge Reactor Systems J.-H. Tay et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Granulation -- 2.1 Granulation with methane production -- 2.2 Granulation with hydrogen production -- 3 Granular Sludge Reactors -- 3.1 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor -- 3.2 Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor -- 3.3 Hybrid anaerobic reactors -- 3.4 Anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) -- 3.5 Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) -- 3.6 Internal circulation (IC) reactor -- 3.7 Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) -- 3.8 Anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) -- 4 Future Trends -- References -- 7. Anaerobic Membrane Reactors D. C. Stuckey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History -- 3 Membrane Configuration -- 3.1 Pressure-driven external cross-flow membrane -- 3.2 Vacuum-driven submerged membrane immersed directly into the reactor -- 4 Membrane Pore Size and Composition -- 5 Membrane Fouling and Flux -- 5.1 Soluble organics -- 5.2 Colloidal particles -- 5.3 Inorganic fouling -- 5.4 Measures to manage membrane fouling -- 6 Effect of Operating Parameters -- 6.1 Operating temperature -- 6.2 Hydraulic retention time and solids retention time -- 6.3 Microbial ecology of anaerobic membrane reactors -- 7 Application to Synthetic and IndustrialWastewaters.

8 Potential Application for Anaerobic Membrane Reactors -- 9 Research Needs and Conclusions -- References -- 8. Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) forWastewater Treatment D. C. Stuckey -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reactor Development -- 3 Reactor Hydrodynamics -- 3.1 Flow patterns -- 3.2 Effect of effluent recycle -- 4 Reactor Performance -- 4.1 Start-up -- 4.2 Treatment applications -- 4.2.1. Low strength treatment -- 4.2.2. High strength treatment -- 4.2.3. Low temperature treatment -- 4.2.4. Sulfate treatment -- 4.2.5. Industrial wastewaters -- 5 Biomass Characteristics and Retention Capabilities -- 5.1 Bacterial populations -- 5.2 Granulation and floc sizes -- 6 Soluble Microbial Products (SMPs) -- 7 Modelling -- 8 Full-scale Experience -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 9. Anaerobic Treatment of PhenolicWastewaters D. Liang and H.H.P. Fang -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Phenols Inhibition Effect on the Anaerobes and Restoration of the Bioactivity -- 2.1 Phenols inhibition effect -- 2.2 The tolerance of anaerobes to phenolic toxicity -- 2.3 Recovery of bioactivity after inhibition -- 3 Reactors Treatment of PhenolicWastewater -- 3.1 UASB -- 3.2 Hybrid UASB -- 3.3 EGSB -- 3.4 Granular activated carbon (GAC)-fluidized bed reactor -- 3.5 Fixed-film reactor (anaerobic filter) -- 3.6 Other types of reactor -- 4 Affecting Factors for the AnaerobicWastewater Treatment of Phenols -- 4.1 Hydraulic retention time (HRT) -- 4.2 Loading shock -- 4.3 Temperature -- 4.4 Effluent recirculation -- 4.5 Co-substrate -- 4.6 Degradation of mixed phenols -- 5 Phenols-degrading Granular Sludge -- 6 Anaerobic Phenols-degrading Microorganisms -- 7 Anaerobic Degradation Pathway of Phenols -- References -- 10. Application of Molecular Methods for Anaerobic Technology T. Zhang -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Extraction of Nucleic Acids -- 3 Selection of Biomarker -- 4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

5 Characterization of Microbial Community -- 5.1 Cloning -- 5.2 Diversity estimation -- 5.3 Metagenome -- 6 Fingerprint Methods -- 6.1 DGGE -- 6.2 T-RFLP -- 7 FISH -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Quantification using FISH -- 7.3 Variation of FISH -- 7.4 Advantages and disadvantages of FISH -- 8 Microbial Quantification Using qPCR -- 9 Applications of Molecular Techniques in Anaerobic Technology Studies -- 9.1 Identification of new species -- 9.2 Characterization of microbial compositions -- 9.2.1. Methanogens -- 9.2.2. Syntrophs -- 9.2.3. SRB -- 9.2.4. Others -- 9.3 Visualization of structure of granular sludge -- 9.4 Quantification of various microbial groups -- 9.5 Evaluation of degradation of refractory compounds -- 9.6 Investigation of microbial communities in anaerobic digestion of special wastewater -- 10 Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11. Application of Mathematical Models to Anaerobic Digestion Process H. Yasui and R. Goel -- 1 Classification of Mathematical Models -- 2 Essentials of Mechanistic Models -- 2.1 State Variables -- 2.2 Formulation of conservation equations -- 2.3 Selection of model units -- 2.4 Development of model structure -- 2.5 Model definition using Petersen matrix -- 3 Considerations in Model Application -- 3.1 Stoichiometric and kinetics parameters -- 3.1.1. Theoretical considerations -- 3.1.2. Experimental methods -- 3.2 Integration of ASM and ADM1 models -- References -- D. New Developments -- 12. Anaerobic Digestion of LignocellulosicWastes by Rumen Microorganisms: Chemical and Kinetic Analyses Z.-H. Hu et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Composition of Lignocelluloses -- 3 Chemical Analyses -- 3.1 AFM analysis -- 3.2 FTIR analysis -- 3.3 XPS analysis -- 3.4 GC/MS analysis -- 3.5 XRD analysis -- 4 Chemical Analysis on Anaerobic Digestion of Wheat Straw by Rumen Microorganisms -- 4.1 Materials and methods.

4.2 Results of chemical analysis.