Introduction -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- PART I. ACOUSTIC THEORY OF SPEECH -- Chapter 1.1 GENERAL THEORY -- 1.11 Source-Filter Description of Speech Production -- 1.12 Segmentation -- 1.13 The F-pattern -- Chapter 1.2 NETWORK THEORY OF VOCAL TRANSMISSION -- 1.21 Network Representation of Acoustic Resonators and Horns -- 1.22 Methods of Numerical Calculations -- 1.23 Transform Equations for Speech Production -- Chapter 1.3 ANALYTICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE COMPOSITION OF SPEECH SPECTRA -- 1.31 Idealized Spectral Description of Voiced Sounds -- 1.32 The Relations Between Formant Frequencies and Spectrum Envelopes -- 1.33 Pole-Zero Decomposition of Consonants -- Chapter 1.4 THE F-PATTERNS OF COMPOUND TUBE RESONATORS AND HORNS -- 1.41 The Twin-Tube Resonator. The Effect of Lip-Rounding -- 1.42 Horns as Single Resonators and Connecting Sections -- 1.43 Three-Parameter Models Approximatig the Vocal Tract -- PART II. CALCULATIONS BASED ON X-RAY DATA -- Chapter 2.1 X-RAY PROCEDURE, SUBJECT, AND PHONETIC MATERIAL -- Chapter 2.2 METHODS AND APPROXIMATIONS -- Chapter 2.3 A STUDY OF VOWELS -- 2.31 Calculations of Formant Frequencies and Spectrum Envelopes -- 2.32 Articulatory and Acoustic Vowel Diagrams -- 2.33 The Relations Between Resonator Dimensions and Formant Frequencies -- 2.34 The Spatial Distribution of Sound Pressure. Formant Bandwidths -- Chapter 2.4 NASAL SOUNDS AND NASALIZATION -- 2.41 Physiological Data -- 2.42 Nasal Sounds Produced With Oral Closure -- 2.43 Nasalization -- Chapter 2.5 THE LIQUIDS -- Chapter 2.6 FRICATIVES, AFFRICATES, AND STOPS -- 2.61 Fricatives and Affricates -- 2.62 Stops -- 2.63 Idealized Models of Fricatives and Stops -- 2.64 Conclusions Regarding Source Characteristics of Fricatives and Stops -- PART III. SUMMARY -- Chapter 3.1 SEGMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION.

Chapter 3.2 THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE F-PATTERN AND ARTICULATION -- Chapter 3.3 SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES -- Chapter 3.4 COMMENTS ON THE ACOUSTICAL NATURE OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES -- APPENDICES -- Appendix A.1 SPEECH WAVE ANALYSIS -- A.11 Intensity Measurements -- A.12 Spectrum and Waveform Measurements -- A.13 Spectrographic Illustrations of the Speech Material Utilized for the Control of the Consonant Calculations -- Appendix A2 A STUDY OF SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS -- A.21 The Voice Source -- A.22 Turbulent and Transient Sources -- Appendix A.3 ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SIMPLE RESONATOR MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SPEECH PRODUCTION -- A.31 The Single Helmholtz Resonator -- A.32 The Double Helmholtz Resonator -- A.33 The Single Tube as an Acoustic Resonator -- A.34 Four-Tube Systems. Transform Equations for Arbitrary Source Locations -- A.35 The Damping Effect of Series and Shunt Losses Within Twin-Tube Resonators -- A.36 Summary of Twin-Tube Formulas for the Study of Resonator Damping. Applications to Vocal Tract Models -- Selected Bibliography.