Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment( -- Summary -- Introduction -- Unprotected Speech -- Obscenity2 -- Child Pornography12 -- Fighting Words and True Threats -- Protected Speech -- Content-Based Restrictions -- Prior Restraint -- Forum Doctrine -- Non-Content-Based Restrictions -- Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions -- Incidental Restrictions -- Commercial Speech -- Compelled Speech -- Defamation -- Speech Harmful to Children -- Children's First Amendment Rights -- Radio and Television -- Freedom of Speech and Government Funding -- Free Speech Rights of Government Employees and Government Contractors -- Government Employees -- Government Contractors -- Symbolic Speech -- Acknowledgments -- End Notes -- Regulation of Broadcast Indecency: Background and Legal Analysts( -- Summary -- Introduction -- Background -- Evolution of the FCC's Indecency Regulations -- Current Regulations -- Explicitness or Graphic Nature of Material -- Dwelling or Repetition of Potentially Offensive Material -- Pandering or Titillating Nature of Material -- Golden Globe Awards Decision -- Super Bowl Halftime Show Decision -- Other Recent Enforcement Actions -- Infinity Broadcasting -- Clear Channel Broadcasting -- Recent Supreme Court and Appeals Court Decisions -- Fox Television Stations, Inc. v. FCC -- CBS Corp. v. FCC -- Current Status -- Would Prohibiting the Broadcast of "Indecent" Words Regardless of Context Violate the First Amendment? -- Broadcast Media -- Strict Scrutiny -- Second Circuit's Dicta in Fox Television Stations, Inc. v. FCC, and the Supreme Court's Dicta in Its Reversal of the Second Circuit -- Acknowledgments -- End Notes -- Obscenity, Child Pornography, and Indecency: Brief Background and Recent Developments( -- Summary -- Obscenity: Background.

Obscenity: Recent Developments -- Child Pornography: Background -- Child Pornography: Recent Developments -- Indecency: Background -- Indecency: Recent Developments -- The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) P.L. 106-554 (2000) -- Acknowledgments -- End Notes -- Obscenity and Indecency: Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes( -- Summary -- I. Constitutional Principles -- A. The Miller Test -- B. Zoning and Licensing of Pornography Dealers -- C. Nude Dancing -- II. Federal Obscenity and Indecency Statutes -- A. Postal Service Provisions -- B. Dial-a-Porn -- C. Obscenity Provisions at 18 U.S.C. 1460-1470 -- Section 1460 -- Section 1461 -- Section 1462 -- Section 1463 -- Section 1464 -- Section 1465 -- Section 1466 -- Section 1466A -- Section 1467 -- Section 1468 -- Section 1469 -- Section 1470 -- D. Cable Television -- E. The Communications Decency Act of 1996 -- 47 U.S.C. 223(a) -- 47 U.S.C. 223(d) -- Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union -- F. Child Online Protection Act -- G. Children's Internet Protection Act -- H. Dot Kids Internet Domain -- I. Misleading Domain Names on the Internet -- J. Misleading Words or Digital Images on the Internet -- K. Sexually Oriented Spam -- L. Video Voyeurism -- M. RICO -- N. Wiretaps -- O. The Customs Service Provision -- End Notes -- Military Personnel and Freedom of Religious Expression: Selected Legal Issues( -- Summary -- Introduction -- Accommodation of Religious Practices Generally -- First Amendment Religious Freedoms -- Free Exercise Protections -- Establishment Clause Considerations -- Constitutionally Permissible Accommodations of Religion -- DOD Policy -- DOD Instruction 1300.17-Accommodation of Religious Practices within the Military Services -- DOD Instruction 1325.06-Handling Dissident and Protest Activities among Members of the Armed Forces.

Restrictions on Personnel in Uniform -- Goldman v. Weinberger -- 10 U.S.C. 774-Religious Apparel: Wearing While in Uniform -- DOD Instruction 1334.01-Wearing of the Uniform -- Provision of Religious Services to Military Personnel -- Constitutionality of the Military Chaplaincy: Katcoff v. Marsh -- Challenges to the Specific Components of the Military Chaplaincy -- DOD Policy -- End Notes -- Legal Standing under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause( -- Summary -- Legal Issues Related to Standing Generally -- Citizen Standing -- Taxpayer Standing -- Prudential Standing -- Congress's Role in Standing Requirements -- Standing in Establishment Clause Cases -- Litigation Arising under the Taxing and Spending Clause -- Litigation Arising under the Property Clause -- Litigation of Issues Raised on Behalf of Another Individual -- Litigation Related to Executive Branch Actions -- Future Developments: Salazar v. Buono -- End Notes -- The Constitutionality of Regulating Corporate Expenditures: A Brief Analysis of the Supreme Court Ruling in Citizens United v. FEC( -- Summary -- Background -- Lower Court Opinion -- Supreme Court Ruling -- Summary -- Analysis -- Dissent -- Impact on Federal Campaign Finance Law -- End Notes -- Testimony of Laurence H. Tribe, House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, Hearing on "The First Amendment and Campaign Finance Reform after Citizens United" -- 1. Limiting Foreign Influence over American Elections -- 2. Authorizing States to Protect Their Elections from Out-of-State Influence -- 3. Barring Corporate Electioneering by Government Contractors -- 4. Improving the Protection of Unconsenting Shareholders -- 5. Strengthening Disclaimer and Disclosure Requirements -- 6. Tightening Anti-Coordination Rules -- 7. Public Financing Possibilities.

Testimony of Monica Youn, Counsel at the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law, before the Committee on the Judiciary, Hearing on "The First Amendment and Campaign Finance Reform after Citizens United" -- 1. The Political Stakes of Citizens United -- 2. The Roberts Court's "Deregulatory Turn" -- 3. Surviving Strict Scrutiny: Creating a Record For Reform -- A. Connecting the Dots between Corporate Political Spending and Corruption -- B. Demanding Accountability through Consent and Disclosure -- 1. Giving Shareholders a Voice -- 2. Empowering Voters through Disclosure -- C. Combating the Majority's Myth of Government Censorship -- 4. Enhancing First Amendment Values by Empowering Voters -- A. Public Funding of Political Campaigns -- B. Voter Registration Modernization -- Conclusion - Advancing a Voter-Centric View of the First Amendment -- End Notes -- The Constitutionality of Campaign Finance Regulation: Buckley v. Valeo and Its Supreme Court Progeny( -- Summary -- Introduction -- Buckley v. Valeo -- Contribution and Expenditure Limits -- Reporting and Disclosure Requirements -- Voluntary Presidential Election Expenditure Limits Linked with Public Financing -- Issue and Express Advocacy Communications -- Contribution Limits -- Limiting Individual Contributions to Political Action Committees (California Medical Association v. FEC) -- Limiting Contributions in Connection with Ballot Initiatives (Citizens against Rent Control v. Berkeley) -- Establishing Contribution Limit Amounts (Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC) -- Prohibiting Contributions by Tax-Exempt Corporations (FEC v. Beaumont) -- Expenditure Limits -- Prohibiting or Limiting Corporate Expenditures (First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti -- FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc. -- Austin v. Michigan Chamber of Commerce).

Restricting from Whom Labor Unions Can Solicit PAC Funds (FEC v. National Right to Work)150 -- Limiting Political Party Expenditures (Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC (Colorado I) -- FEC v. Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee (Colorado II) -- FEC v. Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee) -- Limiting Political Action Committee Independent Expenditures (FEC v. National Conservative Political Action Committee) -- Limiting Expenditures by Candidates (Randall v. Sorrell) -- Disclosure Requirements -- Requiring Reporting and Disclosure (Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation -- Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee -- FEC v. Akins) -- Requiring Attribution Disclosure by Individuals Distributing Leaflets in Issue-Based Elections (McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission) -- Political Party Soft Money and Electioneering Communication Restrictions -- McConnell v. FEC -- Restricting Political Party Soft Money -- Prohibiting Corporate and Labor Union Treasury Fund Financing of Electioneering Communications -- Requiring Sponsors of Election-Related Advertisements to Self-Identify ("Stand-By-Your-Ad Provision") -- Requiring Political Parties to Choose between Coordinated and Independent Expenditures after Nominating a Candidate -- Prohibiting Campaign Contributions by Minors Age 17 and Under -- Establishing Staggered Increases in Contribution Limits if Opponent Spends Certain Amount in Personal Funds ("Millionaire Provisions"): Challengers Held to Lack Standing -- Supreme Court Deference to Congressional Findings -- Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. v. FEC (WRTL II) -- Prohibiting Corporate and Labor Union Treasury Fund Financing of Electioneering Communications -- Conclusion -- End Notes -- Index.