Aqueous Microwave Assisted Chemistry -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Aqueous Microwave Chemistry -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Green Chemistry Approach -- 1.3 Water as Green Solvent -- 1.4 Why Microwaves? -- 1.4.1 Thermal Effect -- 1.4.2 Non-thermal Effect -- 1.4.3 Selectivity towards Water -- 1.4.4 Selectivity towards Catalyst -- 1.4.5 Catalyst as Susceptors -- 1.4.6 Stability of Catalyst -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Metal-catalyzed Reactions in Water under MW Irradiation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Addition Reactions -- 2.3 Isomerization Reactions -- 2.4 Substitution Reactions -- 2.5 Cyclization Reactions -- 2.6 Reduction and Oxidation Reactions -- 2.7 Miscellaneous Reactions -- 2.8 Representative Experimental Examples -- 2.8.1 Addition Reactions -- 2.8.2 Isomerization Reactions -- 2.8.3 Substitution Reactions -- 2.8.4 Cyclization Reactions -- 2.8.5 Reduction and Oxidation Reactions -- 2.8.6 Miscellaneous Reactions -- 2.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3 Microwave-assisted Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction -- 3.3 Heck Reaction -- 3.4 Sonogashira Reactions -- 3.5 Stille Reactions -- 3.6 Hiyama Reactions -- 3.7 Cyanation Reactions -- 3.8 Carbonylation Reactions -- 3.9 Representative Experimental Syntheses -- 3.9.1 Synthesis of 4,5-Dimethoxy-2-vinyl-2'-pivaloylamino-biphenyl -- 3.9.2 Synthesis of 4-Phenyltoluene -- 3.9.3 Synthesis of m-Carboxycinnamic Acid in Homogeneous Heck Reactions in D2O -- 3.9.4 Synthesis of Ethyl 3-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyl)propanoate -- 3.9.5 Synthesis of 5-Chloro-2-phenylethynylpyridine -- 3.9.6 Synthesis of 4-Methoxybenzonitrile -- 3.9.7 Aminocarbonylation and Hydroxycarbonylation -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Bio-active Heterocycles in Aqueous Media.

4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 MW-assisted Nitrogen-containing Heterocycle Synthesis in Water -- 4.3 MW-assisted Synthesis of Oxygen- and Sulfur-containing Heterocycles in Water -- 4.4 MW-assisted Miscellaneous Reactions in Water -- 4.5 Representative Experimental Procedures -- 4.5.1 Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones -- 4.5.2 Synthesis of 2-Aminochromene Derivatives -- 4.5.3 Synthesis of Dioxane-functionalized Molecules -- 4.5.4 Synthesis of Sulfonyl-benzothiazole-based Bio-active Compounds -- 4.5.5 Synthesis of a Series of new β-Aminoketones -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Reactions in Aqueous Media -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Reactions in Water (or Aqueous Buffer) -- 5.2.1 Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Enzyme Activity in Aqueous Solutions -- 5.2.2 Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Protein Digestion -- 5.3 Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Reactions in Aqueous Solutions of Organic Solvents -- 5.4 Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Reactions in Ionic Liquids -- 5.5 Non-thermal Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Enzymes -- 5.6 Prospects of Microwave Irradiation in Aqueous Phase Biocatalysis -- 5.7 Experimental -- 5.7.1 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Starch in Water under Microwave Irradiation -- 5.7.2 Enzymatic Transglycosylation of Lactose in Hexanol-Water (70 : 30, v/v) under Microwave -- 5.7.3 Enzymatic Digestion of Proteins (Cytochrome c, Myoglobin, Lysozyme, and Ubiquitin) -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6 Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Polymers in Aqueous Media -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Medium -- 6.2.1 Free-Radical Polymerization -- 6.2.2 Radical Polymerization in Dispersed Media -- 6.2.3 Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Dispersed Media -- 6.3 Step-growth Polymerization in Aqueous Media -- 6.3.1 Synthesis of Poly(ether)s.

6.3.2 Synthesis of Poly(amide)s and Poly(imide)s -- 6.3.3 Synthesis of Polytriazoles -- 6.3.4 C-C Coupling Polymerizations -- 6.4 Miscellaneous Polymer Synthesis in Aqueous Media -- 6.4.1 Cationic Polymerization -- 6.4.2 Polymer Modifications -- 6.4.3 Solid-phase Peptide Synthesis in Water -- 6.5 Experimental -- 6.5.1 PMMA Grafting onto a Polysaccharide -- 6.5.2 PMMA Synthesis in Emulsion Polymerization -- 6.5.3 Synthesis of PMMA Nanoparticles -- 6.5.4 Synthesis of Polyacrylamide-Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposites -- 6.5.5 Nitroxide-assisted Synthesis of Styrene in Miniemulsion -- 6.5.6 Synthesis of Poly(ether)s -- 6.5.7 Synthesis of Poly(imide)s -- 6.5.8 Polymerization by C-C Coupling -- 6.5.9 Cationic Polymerization -- 6.5.10 Polymer Modification by Click Chemistry -- References -- Chapter 7 Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles using Water under Microwave Irradiation -- 7.2.1 Gold (Au) Nanoparticles -- 7.2.2 Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles -- 7.2.3 Palladium (Pd) and Platinum (Pt) Nanoparticles -- 7.3 Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Medium under MW Irradiation Conditions -- 7.3.1 Synthesis of Titania (TiO2) Nanoparticles -- 7.3.2 Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles -- 7.3.3 Synthesis of Ferrite Nanoparticles -- 7.3.4 Synthesis of Quantum Dots in Aqueous Medium under Microwave Conditions -- 7.4 Nanoparticles as Catalysts -- 7.5 Ruthenium Hydroxide Nano-catalyst for Microwave-assisted Hydration of Nitriles in Water -- 7.6 Glutathione-based Nano-organocatalyst for Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles in Water -- 7.7 Representative Experimental Procedures -- 7.7.1 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles -- 7.7.2 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles -- 7.7.3 Synthesis of Different TiO2 Nanoparticles -- 7.7.4 Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures.

7.7.5 Selected Methods for Production of Ferrite Nanoparticles -- 7.8 Conclusion -- References -- Subject Index.