Contents -- Author Affiliations -- Preface -- Selected Publications of Bijit K Bora -- Overview -- Chapter 1. The Future of World Trade Policy -- Dedication -- Reference -- Chapter 2. Evaluating the Impact of the WTO Information Technology Agreement -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Some Facts on ITA Trade -- 2.3. The Impact of the ITA: A Gravity Model Approach -- 2.4. Regression Results -- 2.4.1. ITA members vs. non-ITA members -- 2.4.2. Developing vs. developed countries -- 2.4.3. Time-varying country fixed effects -- 2.5. Conclusions -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Chapter 3. Economic Analysis and WTO Arbitration Cases -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The Mandate -- 3.2.1. Arbitration arising from violation of GATT and GATS Articles and sector(s) and agreement(s) (TRIPs Agreement) -- 3.2.2. Arbitration arising from violating the agreement on subsidies and countervailing measures -- 3.2.3. Agreed arbitration and mediation processes -- 3.3. An Economic Interpretation of the Mandate -- 3.4. An Economic Taxonomy of WTO Arbitration Cases -- 3.4.1. Trade restrictiveness cases -- 3.4.2. Government transfer cases -- 3.4.3. United States - continued dumping and subsidy offset act of 2000 -- 3.4.4. United States - tax treatment for "Foreign Sales Corporations" - recourse to arbitration by the United States under Article 22.6 of the DSU and Article 411 of the SCM Agreement -- 3.4.5. Trade indeterminate cases -- 3.5. The Role of Economists in WTO Arbitration Cases -- 3.5.1. Defining the mandate -- 3.5.2. Quantification -- 3.6. Summary -- References -- Chapter 4. The Impact of Manufacturing Protection on Agricultural Incentives in Australia -- 4.1. Structural Changes Since 1950 -- 4.2. Methodology for Measuring Distortions to Incentives -- 4.3. Measuring Nominal Rates of Assistance (NRAs) -- 4.3.1. Non-agricultural tradable commodities.

4.3.2. Agricultural commodities -- 4.4. NRA Estimates and the Evolution of Policies -- 4.4.1. Before the early 1970s -- 4.4.2. Reforms from the early 1970s -- 4.5. Prospects for Further Policy Reform -- 4.6. Comparison with Other High-Income Countries -- 4.7. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5. India and the Global Demand for Commodities: Is there an Elephant in the Room? -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. India is Big but its Growth is Different -- 5.3. Metals -- 5.3.1 India's demand for metals -- 5.3.2. India's metals production -- 5.3.3. Role of policy and implications for India's metals trade -- 5.4. Energy -- 5.4.1. Demand for energy commodities -- 5.4.2. Policies governing the energy sector -- 5.4.3. Trade implications for energy -- 5.5. Food -- 5.5.1. India's demand -- 5.5.2. India's production -- 5.5.3. India's domestic agricultural and food policies -- 5.5.4. External policies and India's agricultural trade -- 5.6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6. Foreign Direct Investment in China: Trends, Characteristics and Impacts -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Growth Trend of FDI Inflows into China -- 6.2.1. Has China attracted more FDI inflows from the world? -- 6.2.2. Has China crowded out FDI inflows into other countries? -- 6.3. Characteristics of FDI in China -- 6.3.1. Overwhelming dominance of developing source economies -- 6.3.2. Unbalanced regional distribution of FDI inflows -- 6.3.3. Sectoral distribution of FDI inflows -- 6.4. Impact of FDI on China's Economy -- 6.4.1. Capital formation -- 6.4.2. Employment opportunities -- 6.4.3. Export promotion -- 6.5. Technology Transfer and Spillover Effects of FDI -- 6.5.1. Has FDI brought advanced technologies into China? -- 6.5.2. Has FDI generated spillovers to China's domestic firms? -- 6.6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7. The Changing Patterns of Trade and Investment in East Asia.

7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Changing Patterns of Foreign Trade in East Asia -- 7.2.1. Rapid expansion of intra-regional trade in East Asia: Overall trade -- 7.2.2. Rapid expansion of the machinery trade -- 7.2.3. Pattern of comparative advantage for East Asian economies -- 7.2.4. Expansion of vertical intra-industry trade -- 7.2.5. Active intra-regional trade in machinery parts -- 7.3. Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Trade: Increasing Role of Multinational Corporations in International Trade -- 7.3.1. Changing patterns of FDI inflows in East Asia -- 7.3.2. Foreign trade by multinational corporations -- 7.4. Changing Policy Environment: Liberalisation of Trade and FDI Policies -- 7.4.1. Unilateral liberalisation -- 7.4.2. Liberalisation under the regional framework -- 7.4.3. Liberalisation under the multilateral framework -- 7.4.4. Bilateral and regional frameworks: The recent surge in FTAs in East Asia -- 7.5. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8. The Integration of the Electronics Sector in ASEAN -- 8.1. The Electronics Sector -- 8.2. The Electronics Sector: ASEAN -- 8.2.1. NTMs in electronics in perspective -- 8.2.2. Para-tariffs, price control measures and .nance measures -- 8.2.3. Automatic import licensing -- 8.2.4. Quantity control measures -- 8.2.5. Monopolistic and technical measures -- 8.2.6. Other non-tariff measures and current and emerging trends -- 8.3. Challenges to Integration -- 8.4. The Future for the Integration of the Electronics Sector -- 8.5. Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 9. Regional Value Chains and Asian Regionalism -- 9.1. Patterns of Development and the Emergence of Regional Value Chains in East Asia -- 9.2. Regionalism in East Asia -- 9.3. Reducing Trade Costs in East Asia -- 9.4. Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 10. Recent Developments in the Literature on Foreign Direct Investment and Labour Markets -- 10.1. Recent Theoretical Developments in Understanding the Effects of FDI -- 10.1.1. The "new" trade and industrial organisation models -- 10.1.2. Labour models with location perspectives -- 10.1.2.1. Higher labour standards and "runaway plants" -- 10.1.2.2. Race-to-the-bottom -- 10.1.2.3. Harmonisation of labour standards -- 10.1.3. Bargaining models -- 10.2. The Recent Evidence on the Labour Market Effects of FDI -- 10.2.1. Location decisions -- 10.2.2. Outsourcing, off-shoring and fragmentation -- 10.2.3. Direct effects -- 10.2.4. Indirect labour market effects -- 10.2.5. Evidence from developing countries -- 10.3. Some Final Observations -- References -- Chapter 11. Competition Policy in International Airline Markets: An Agenda and a Proposed Solution -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Mergers and Alliances in Airline Markets -- 11.3. Intersection of Regional and Domestic Policies: A Trans-Tasman Case Study -- 11.4. Regulatory Errors and Multiple Competition Authorities -- 11.5. Steps towards a Multilateral Competition Policy for Airline Markets -- 11.6. Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index.