Electrochemical Detection In HPLC -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 General Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 HPLC-ED in Analytical Toxicology -- References -- Chapter 2 Basic Electrochemistry for the Separation Scientist -- 1 Reversible Electrode Potentials -- 1.1 Redox Electrodes -- 2 Theoretical Background Linking Electrochemistry to Electrochemical Detection -- 3 Reference Electrodes -- 3.1 Standard Hydrogen Electrode -- 3.2 Calomel Electrode -- 3.3 Silver/Silver Chloride Electrode -- 4 Voltammetry -- 4.1 Cyclic Voltammetry -- 4.2 Hydrodynamic Voltammograms -- 5 Electroactivity of Functional Groups and Compounds -- 5.1 Electrochemical Behaviour of Some Specific Molecular Types -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 The Electrochemical Detector -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background to ED in Flowing Liquid Streams -- 3 The Construction of an Electrochemical Detector -- 3.1 Principles of Electrochemical Measurement -- 3.2 Electrode Materials -- 3.3 Electrode Shielding and Grounding -- 3.4 Flow-Cell Designs -- 3.5 Chromatographic Factors Affecting Flow-Cell Design -- 3.6 Circuitry of an Electrochemical Detector -- 4 Amperometric Detection -- 4.1 Thin-Layer Cells -- 4.2 Wall-Jet Cells -- 4.3 Dropping Mercury Electrodes -- 4.4 Operation of Amperometric Electrodes -- 5 Coulometric Detection -- 5.1 Modes of Operation -- 6 Pulsed Detection -- 7 Multiple Detection Systems -- 7.1 Array Detectors -- 7.2 Rapid Scanning Detectors -- 7.3 Use in Series With Other Detectors -- 8 Micro-Detectors -- 8.1 Detectors for Capillary Systems -- 9 Comparative Performance of EC Detectors -- References -- Chapter 4 Development and Troubleshooting of HPLC-ED Methods -- 1 System Optimisation -- 1.1 Hydrodynamic Voltammograms -- 1.2 Eluent Composition -- 1.3 Temperature -- 1.4 Flow-Rate -- 1.5 Electrode Surface -- 1.6 Gradient Elution.

2 Analyte-Related Variables -- 2.1 Electrochemical Oxidation -- 2.2 Electrochemical Reduction -- 2.3 Common Interferences in Biofluid Analyses -- 2.4 Sample Preparation and Choice of Internal Standard -- 2.5 Derivatisation -- 2.6 Hydrolysis/Photolysis/Enzymic Reactions -- 3 Maintenance of HPLC-ED Systems -- References -- Chapter 5 Thiols, Disulfides and Related Compounds -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Biologically Important Thiols -- 1.2 Thiol-Containing Drugs -- 1.3 Biochemical Background to Thiol Analysis -- 2 Sample Preparation -- 2.1 Standard Solutions -- 2.2 Blood and Tissues -- 2.3 Urine -- 3 Measurement of Free Thiols using HPLC-ED -- 4 Electrochemistry of Thiols -- 5 Electrochemical Detection of Thiols -- 5.1 Detection at Mercury Electrodes -- 5.2 Detection at Gold Amalgam Electrodes -- 5.3 Detection at Other Solid Electrodes -- 5.4 Formation of Electroactive Derivatives of Thiols -- 6 The Electrochemistry of Disulfides and Related Compounds -- 7 The Electrochemical Detection of Disulfides plus Thiols -- 7.1 Direct Detection of Disulfides -- 7.2 Indirect Detection of Disulfides -- 7.3 In-Series Detection of Disulfides -- 8 Other Electrochemical Methods for Thiols and/or Disulfides -- 9 Analysis of Selenium-Containing Compounds -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Applications of HPLC-ED in the Analysis of Drugs -- 1 Anaesthetics -- 2 β2-Adrenergic Agonists -- 3 Anticancer Drugs -- 3.1 Alkylating Agents -- 3.2 Antimetabolites -- 3.3 Cytotoxic Antibiotics -- 3.4 Photosensitisers -- 3.5 Podophyllotoxins -- 3.6 Vinca Alkaloids -- 3.7 Miscellaneous Anticancer Drugs -- 4 Anticholinergics -- 5 Anticholinesterases -- 6 Antidepressants -- 7 Antihistamines -- 8 Anti-infectives -- 8.1 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics -- 8.2 Anti-Folate Drugs -- 8.3 Antifungals -- 8.4 Antimalarials -- 8.5 Antiviral Drugs -- 8.6 Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis.

8.7 Macrolide Antibiotics -- 8.8 Miscellaneous Antibiotics -- 9 Antimigraine Drugs -- 10 Antiparkinsonian Drugs -- 11 Antipsychotics -- 12 Anxiolytics -- 13 Cannabinoids -- 14 Cardiovascular Drugs -- 14.1 β-Adrenoceptor Antagonists -- 14.2 Calcium Channel Blockers -- 14.3 Sympathomimetics -- 14.4 Other Anti-Hypertensive Agents -- 14.5 Antiarrhythmic Agents -- 14.6 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors -- 15 Diuretics -- 16 Non-Opioid Analgesic/Antipyretic/Anti-inflammatory Drugs -- 17 Opioid Agonists and Antagonists -- 18 Miscellaneous Pharmaceuticals -- References -- Chapter 7 Applications of HPLC-ED in Toxicology and Related Areas -- 1 Ammatoxins -- 2 Aromatic Amines and Nitro-Compounds -- 3 Algal and Fungal Toxins -- 4 Pesticides and Related Compounds -- 5 Veterinary Drug and Other Food Residues -- References -- Appendix Non-Aqueous Ionic Eluent Systems for Basic Drugs -- References -- Subject Index.