Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Context: The Economic Environment for Job Creation -- Demographics -- Wage and Salary Employment -- Economic Growth and Structure of GDP -- Structural Shifts Within Wage and Salary Employment -- Chapter 2 Constraints: Missing Private Sector Demand -- Investment Climate -- Wage Flexibility -- Labor Flexibility -- Chapter 3 Conditions: The State of the African Labor Force -- Education -- Health -- Child Labor -- Chapter 4 Consequences: The Growth of the Informal Sector -- Chapter 5 Conclusion: The Prospects for Better Outcomes -- Appendix Measuring Labor Force Participation in Africa: A Conundrum -- References -- Index -- Box 1 Translating Common Labor Concepts to Conditions in Africa -- Box 2 Most African Countries Did not Realize High Economic Growth Rates, 1995-2006 -- Box 3 Definitions and Classification of the Informal Sector -- Figure 1 Major Obstacles Facing African Firms -- Figure 2 Percentage of Children Completing Primary Education, by Gender and Household Income -- Figure 3 Women without Education: National Percentage and Gap between Rural and Urban -- Table 1 Percentage of the Population Living on Less than 1 a Day, by Region -- Table 2 Growth of the Labor Force,Wage and Salary Employment, and GDP per Capita in Selected African Countries -- Table 3 Indicators of Labor Flexibility, by Region -- Table 4 Implied Returns to Education in Selected African Countries -- Table 5 Estimated Life Expectancy at Birth in Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Regions, by Gender, 2000-05 and 2010-15 -- Table 6 Informal Sector Share of Labor Force by Area -- Table 7 Labor Force by Sector and Rural vs. Urban Area, Ages 10 and Above -- Table 8 Estimated Average Annual Growth in Earnings by Sector of Employment.