Fossilized Second Language Grammars -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- List of appendices -- List of tables -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Appendix 9 -- List of figures -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1.1. Theoretical background -- 1.2. Misfit between input and acquired knowledge -- 1.3. A failed features account of divergence in the L2 endstate -- 1.4. The empirical study -- 1.5. Broader significance of the study -- How the book is organized -- Definitions, assumptions and predictions -- 2.1. Definitions -- 2.1.1. Computational and representational resources -- 2.1.2. Attainment in SLA -- 2.2. Approach to SLA research -- 2.3. General view of the grammar -- 2.4. The syntax/PF interface -- 2.5. Specific assumptions about language acquisition -- 2.5.1. How Strong FFFH came about -- 2.5.2. How the L1 and the L2 may differ -- 2.6. The critical period -- 2.7. The role of the L1 -- Summary -- Competing theories of NS/NNS ultimate attainment differences -- 3.1. Extra-linguistic approaches -- 3.1.1. Biological accounts -- 3.1.2. Cognitive accounts -- 3.1.3. Social and affective accounts -- 3.1.4. Accounts based on learner-external factors -- 3.2. Linguistic accounts -- 3.2.1. No access to UG -- 3.2.2. Problems in the periphery -- 3.2.3. Detrimental effects of a previously acquired language -- 3.2.4. Impossibility of resetting parameters -- Gender -- 4.1. What is grammatical gender? -- 4.1.1. Defining grammatical gender -- 4.1.2. What is gender for? -- 4.1.3. The syntax of gender -- 4.1.4. The Spanish gender system -- 4.2. How gender is processed -- 4.2.1. Processing gender in L1 -- 4.2.2. Processing of gender in L2 -- 4.3. How is grammatical gender acquired?.

4.3.1. First language acquisition of gender -- 4.3.2. Bilingual L1A -- 4.3.3. Second language acquisition of gender -- The empirical study -- 5.1. Design -- 5.1.1. Hypotheses -- 5.1.2. Population and sample -- 5.1.3. Proficiency measure: University of Wisconsin Spanish Placement Test -- 5.2. Naturalistic data -- 5.3. Experimental tasks -- 5.3.1. Test 1: Guessing game -- 5.3.2. Test 2: Missing word task -- 5.3.3. Test 3: Cloze/multiple choice task -- 5.3.4. Test 4: Grammaticality judgement task -- 5.3.5. Test 5: Novel word task -- 5.3.6. Test 6: Gender assignment check -- 5.4. Overall summary and interpretation of results -- Discussion -- 6.1. Revisiting research questions and hypotheses -- 6.1.1. Second language acquisition of other PFFs -- 6.1.2. Could other theories account for the data at hand? -- 6.2. A representational account of divergence in the L2 endstate -- 6.2.1. Compensatory strategies -- 6.2.2. Why a critical period for the acquisition of parameters? -- 6.3. Concluding remarks - A case for focusing on Orwell's problem -- Notes -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- References -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Greenberg's (1963, 1966) typological universals involving gender -- Appendix 2: Number of subjects that participated in each task -- Appendix 3: Case and number mistakes made during spontaneous speech production -- Appendix 4: Mistakes made by the Italian subjects in spontaneous production -- Appendix 5: Test 1 - Guessing game -- Appendix 6: Test 1 - Design features of test sentences -- Appendix 7: Test 1 - Design of distractor sentences -- Appendix 8: Test 2 - Provide the missing word -- Appendix 9: Test 2 detailed results -- Appendix 10: Test 3 - Cloze/Multiple choice task, with key to answers -- Appendix 11: Gender clues in Test 3 items, sorted by FF's code.

Appendix 12: Gender clues in Test 3 items, sorted by PP's presentation order -- Appendix 13: Gender clues in Test 3 items, sorted by PP's code -- Appendix 14: Test 4 - GJT with correction -- Appendix 15: Test 4 sentences arranged according to variables -- Appendix 16: Lexical items used in Test 4 -- Appendix 17: Sample of pictures used in Test 5 -- Appendix 18: Test 5 - Novel words task - Test items and colours -- Appendix 19: Test 5 - Novel words task - Script as recorded on tape -- Appendix 20: Test 6 - Gender assignment check -- Appendix 21: Test 6 items in alphabetical order and with information about where in the other experimental tasks they were used -- Appendix 22: Nouns used in Tests 1 and 6 -- Appendix 23: Nouns used in Tests 2 and 6 -- Appendix 24: Nouns used in Tests 3 and 6 -- Appendix 25: Nouns used in Tests 4 and 6 -- Name index -- Subject index -- The series Language Acquisition and Language Disorders.