Soft Matter Nanotechnology: From Structure to Function -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- 1. Chemical Reactions for the Synthesis of Organic Nanomaterials on Surfaces -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Ullmann Coupling -- 1.1.2 Condensation Reactions -- 1.2 Alkane Polymerization -- 1.3 Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition -- 1.4 Glaser Coupling -- 1.5 Decarboxylative Polymerization of Acids -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2. Self-Assembly of Organic Molecules into Nanostructures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Classification of Nanostructures -- 2.3 General Self-Assembly Method for the Construction of Nanostructures -- 2.3.1 Reprecipitation -- 2.3.2 Gelation -- 2.3.3 Langmuir-Blodgett Technique -- 2.3.4 Layer-by-Layer Assembly -- 2.3.5 Self-Assembly in Solution -- 2.4 Molecular Design and Building Blocks -- 2.4.1 Amphiphiles -- 2.4.1.1 Typical Amphiphiles -- 2.4.1.2 Bolaamphiphiles -- 2.4.1.3 Gemini Amphiphiles -- 2.4.1.4 Triangular Amphiphiles -- 2.4.1.5 Supra-amphiphiles -- 2.4.2 Gelators -- 2.4.2.1 Cholesterol-Based Gelators -- 2.4.2.2 Alkane- and Fatty Acid-Based Gelators -- 2.4.2.3 Nucleoside-Based Gelators -- 2.4.2.4 Amino Acid- and Peptide-Based Gelators -- 2.4.2.5 Carbohydrate-Based Gelators -- 2.4.3 π-Functionalized System -- 2.4.3.1 Porphyrin -- 2.4.3.2 Molecular Graphene -- 2.4.3.3 π-Conjugated Gelators -- 2.4.4 Dendrimers -- 2.5 Functions of Some Typical Nanostructures -- 2.5.1 Vesicles/Hollow Spheres -- 2.5.2 Nanotubes -- 2.5.2.1 Self-Assembled Lipid Nanotubes -- 2.5.2.2 Self-Assembled Peptide Nanotubes -- 2.5.2.3 Functionalization of Nanotubes -- 2.5.3 Nanofibers -- 2.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 3. Supramolecular Nanotechnology: Soft Assembly of Hard Nanomaterials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Soft Cell-Like Structures with Hard Nanomaterials -- 3.2.1 Cerasome: Inorganic Surface Cell.

3.2.2 Flake-Shell Capsule -- 3.2.3 Metallic Cells -- 3.3 For Hierarchical Assembly: LbL and Others -- 3.3.1 Mesoporous Carbon in Hierarchical Assembly -- 3.3.2 Mesoporous Carbon Capsule in Layer-by-Layer Film -- 3.3.3 Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Graphene and Ionic Liquids -- 3.3.4 LbL Films of Mesoporous Silica Capsule for Controlled Release -- 3.4 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4. Nanoparticles: Important Tools to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier and Their Use for Brain Imaging -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Physiology of the Blood-Brain Barrier -- 4.2.1 The Endothelial Blood-Brain Barrier -- 4.2.2 The Blood-CSF Barrier -- 4.2.3 Regulation of the Barrier Tightness -- 4.2.4 Transport Routes and Drug Permeability across the Blood-Brain Barrier -- 4.2.5 In vitro Models of the BBB and Blood-CSF Barrier -- 4.3 Definition and Type of Nanoparticles and Nanocarriers for Brain Uptake -- 4.3.1 Organic Nanoparticles -- 4.3.1.1 Polymeric Nanoparticles -- 4.3.1.2 Liposomes and Lipidic Nanoparticles -- 4.3.1.3 Nanomeric Emulsions, Micelles, and Nanogels -- 4.3.1.4 Carbohydrates -- 4.3.2 Inorganic Nanoparticles -- 4.3.2.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 4.3.2.2 Semiconductor Nanoparticles -- 4.3.2.3 Gold Nanoparticles -- 4.3.3 Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles for BBB Transport -- 4.4 Nanoparticles and Imaging -- 4.4.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- 4.4.2 Optical Imaging -- 4.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 5. Organic Nanophotonics: Controllable Assembly of Optofunctional Molecules toward Low-Dimensional Materials with Desired Photonic Properties -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 From Molecules to Assembly -- 5.2.1 Inherent Intermolecular Interactions -- 5.2.2 Influences of External Factors -- 5.2.2.1 Solvent Effect in Assembly -- 5.2.2.2 Site-Selected Assembly on Specific Substrates -- 5.3 From Assembly to Structures.

5.3.1 Structure Control through Intermolecular Interactions -- 5.3.1.1 Controlling the Structures via Molecular Design -- 5.3.1.2 Structures Obtained from the Synergistic Assembly of Different Compounds -- 5.3.2 Structure Modulation through External Factors -- 5.3.2.1 Structures versus Aging Time -- 5.3.2.2 Heterostructures through Site-Specific Epitaxial Growth -- 5.4 From Structures to Photonic Properties -- 5.4.1 Nanowire Heterojunctions -- 5.4.1.1 Dendritic Heterostructures as Optical Routers -- 5.4.1.2 Nanowire p-n Junctions as Photoelectric Transducers -- 5.4.2 Doped Nanostructures -- 5.4.2.1 Uniformly Doped Structures -- 5.4.2.2 Gradiently Doped Structures -- 5.4.2.3 Core/Sheath Structures -- 5.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6. Functional Lipid Assemblies by Dip-Pen Nanolithography and Polymer Pen Lithography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Techniques and Methods -- 6.2.1 Dip-Pen Nanolithography -- 6.2.2 Polymer Pen Lithography -- 6.3 Ink Transfer Models -- 6.3.1 DPN of Liquid Inks -- 6.3.2 DPN of Diffusive Inks -- 6.3.3 DPN of Lipid Inks -- 6.3.4 Ink Transfer in PPL -- 6.4 Applications -- 6.4.1 Applications in Sensing -- 6.4.2 Biological Applications -- 6.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7. PEG-Based Antigen-Presenting Cell Surrogates for Immunological Applications -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Elastic Nanopatterned and Specifically Biofunctionalized 2D PEG-DA Hydrogels: General Properties -- 7.2.1 Block Copolymer Micellar Nanolithography (BCML) -- 7.2.2 Fabrication and Characterization of Nanopatterned PEG-DA Hydrogels -- 7.2.3 Biofunctionalization -- 7.2.4 Cell Experiments -- 7.2.4.1 T-Cells Isolation -- 7.2.4.2 T-Cells Stimulation -- 7.2.4.3 T-Cells Proliferation -- 7.2.4.4 Results -- 7.3 Nanostructured PEG-DA Hydrogel Beads: General Properties -- 7.3.1 Surfactant Synthesis.

7.3.2 Fabrication of Nanostructured PEG-DA Hydrogel Beads by Droplet-Based Microfluidics -- 7.3.3 Characterization of Nanostructured PEG-DA Hydrogel Beads -- 7.3.4 Biofunctionalization -- 7.4 Nanostructured and Specifically Biofunctionalized Droplets of Water-in-Oil Emulsion: General Properties -- 7.4.1 Surfactant Synthesis -- 7.4.2 Droplet-Based Microfluidics -- 7.4.3 Characterization of the Gold Nanostructured Droplets of Water-in-Oil Emulsion -- 7.4.4 Biofunctionalization of the Nanostructured Droplets -- 7.4.5 Cell Experiments -- 7.4.5.1 Cell Culture -- 7.4.5.2 Cell Recovery and Live/Dead Staining -- 7.4.5.3 Results -- 7.5 Summary and Outlook for the Future -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8. Soft Matter Assembly for Atomically Precise Fabrication of Solid Oxide -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Ultimate Goal of Nanotechnology: Atomically Precise Fabrication -- 8.3 Soft Mater Assembly for Atomically Precise Oxide Layers -- 8.4 Soft Matter Assembly for Atomically Precise Oxide Dots -- 8.5 Summary for the Future Works -- References -- 9. Conductive Polymer Nanostructures -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solution-Based Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Nanostructures -- 9.2.1 Soft Template Synthesis -- 9.2.2 Hard Template Method -- 9.3 Substrate-Based Fabrication of Conducting Polymer Nanostructures -- 9.3.1 Add to Surface -- 9.3.1.1 Direct Writing -- 9.3.1.2 In Situ Synthesis or Assembly -- 9.3.2 Remove from Surface -- 9.3.2.1 Nanoscratching -- 9.3.2.2 Etching -- 9.4 Electrospinning Technique of Conducting Polymer -- 9.5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 10. DNA-Induced Nanoparticle Assembly -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 DNA as a Template Material -- 10.2.1 On Modified Linear DNA Strands -- 10.2.2 On DNA Origami Structures -- 10.2.3 On Geometrically Tailored DNA -- 10.3 DNA as Ligand.

10.3.1 DNA Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles and Network Formation -- 10.3.2 Extended Superstructures -- 10.3.3 Finite Size DNA-AuNP Assemblies -- 10.3.4 Aggregates Composed of Different Particle Geometries and Morphologies -- 10.4 Applications -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- 11. Nanostructured Substrates for Circulating Tumor Cell Capturing -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nanostructured Substrates for CTC Capturing -- 11.2.1 Nanoparticles -- 11.2.2 Nanofractals -- 11.2.3 Nanowires -- 11.2.4 Nanoposts/pillars -- 11.2.5 Nanotubes -- 11.2.6 Nanofibers -- 11.2.7 Nanopores -- 11.3 Nanostructured Substrates for Other Cells Capturing -- 11.4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 12. Organic Nano Field-Effect Transistor -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Fabrication of Organic Semiconductor Nanostructures -- 12.2.1 Vapor-Phase Method -- 12.2.2 Solution Process -- 12.2.3 Other Methods -- 12.3 Device Structures of Organic Nano Field-Effect Transistor -- 12.4 The Preparation of Organic Nano Field-Effect Transistor -- 12.4.1 The Transfer of Organic Nanocrystals -- 12.4.2 Electrode of Organic Semiconductor Nanocrystal Field-Effect Transistor -- 12.5 Properties of Organic Nanoscale Field-Effect Transistor -- 12.6 Application of Organic Nano-FETs -- 12.7 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 13. Advanced Dynamic Gels -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Gels in Nature -- 13.3 Characterization of VEGs -- 13.3.1 Rheometer -- 13.3.2 Small-Angle Scattering -- 13.3.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy -- 13.4 Redox-Responsive VEGs -- 13.5 pH-Responsive VEGs -- 13.6 Temperature-Responsive VEGs -- 13.7 Photoresponsive VEGs -- 13.8 Applications -- 13.9 Conclusions -- 13.10 Theory -- References -- 14. Micro/Nanocrystal Conversion beyond Inorganic Nanostructures -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Micro/Nanostructure Conversion through Charge Transfer Complex Formation.

14.3 Micro/Nanostructure Conversion through Ion and Ligand Exchange.