Design of Fastenings for Use in Concrete - the CEN/TS 1992-4 Provisions -- Contents -- Editorial -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fields of application -- 3 Basis of design -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Verifications -- 3.3 Partial factors -- 3.3.1 General -- 3.3.2 Actions -- 3.3.3 Resistance -- 3.3.3.1 Ultimate limit state -- 3.3.3.2 Serviceability limit state -- 4 Derivation of forces acting on fasteners -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Tension loads -- 4.2.1 Tension loads on fastenings with post-installed fasteners and headed fasteners -- 4.2.2 Tension loads on fastenings with anchor channels -- 4.3 Shear loads -- 4.3.1 Shear loads on fastenings with post-installed and headed fasteners -- 4.3.2 Shear loads on fastenings with anchor channels -- 4.4 Tension forces in a supplementary reinforcement -- 5 Verification of ultimate limit state by elastic analysis for post-installed fasteners (mechanical systems) -- 5.1 General -- 5.2 Tension load -- 5.2.1 Required verifications -- 5.2.2 Steel failure -- 5.2.3 Pull-out/pull-through failure -- 5.2.4 Conical concrete break-out failure -- 5.2.4.1 Characteristic resistance of a single fastener -- 5.2.4.2 Effect of spacing and edge distance -- 5.2.4.3 Effect of heavy surface reinforcement (shell spalling) -- 5.2.4.4 Effect of the eccentricity of the load -- 5.2.4.5 Special cases: three or four edges with ci < ccr,n -- 5.2.5 Splitting -- 5.2.5.1 Splitting failure during installation of post-installed fasteners -- 5.2.5.2 Splitting failure of loaded post-installed fasteners -- 5.3 Shear load -- 5.3.1 Required verifications -- 5.3.2 Steel failure without lever arm -- 5.3.3 Steel failure with lever arm -- 5.3.4 Pry-out failure -- 5.3.5 Concrete edge failure -- 5.3.5.1 Characteristic resistance of a single fastener -- 5.3.5.2 Effect of spacing -- 5.3.5.3 Effect of edge distances parallel to the load direction.

5.3.5.4 Effect of member thickness -- 5.3.5.5 Effect of the eccentricity of the load -- 5.3.5.6 Effect of load direction -- 5.3.5.7 Effect of the position of the fastening -- 5.3.5.8 Special case: narrow thin member -- 5.4 Combined tension and shear load -- 5.4.1 Steel failure decisive for tension and shear load -- 5.4.2 Other modes of failure decisive -- 6 Verification of post-installed fasteners (chemical systems) for the ultimate limit state based on the theory of elasticity -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 Tension load -- 6.2.1 Required verifications -- 6.2.2 Steel failure -- 6.2.3 Combined pull-out and concrete failure -- 6.2.3.1 Characteristic resistance of a single fastener -- 6.2.3.2 Edge distance and spacing -- 6.2.3.3 Effect of closely spaced fasteners -- 6.2.3.4 Effect of heavy reinforcement (shell spalling) -- 6.2.3.5 Effect of the eccentricity of the load -- 6.2.3.6 Special case: three or four edges with ci < ccr,Np -- 6.2.4 Concrete cone failure -- 6.2.5 Splitting -- 6.3 Shear load -- 6.3.1 Required verifications -- 6.3.2 Steel failure due to shear load without and with lever arm -- 6.3.3 Concrete pry-out -- 6.3.4 Concrete edge failure -- 6.4 Combined tension and shear -- 7 Verification of ultimate limit state by elastic analysis for headed fasteners -- 7.1 General -- 7.2 Tension forces in the supplementary reinforcement -- 7.2.1 Detailing of supplementary reinforcement in case of tension loaded fastenings -- 7.2.2 Detailing of supplementary reinforcement in case of shear loaded fastenings -- 7.3 Tension load -- 7.3.1 Required verifications -- 7.3.1.1 Fastening without supplementary reinforcement -- 7.3.1.2 Fastenings with supplementary reinforcement -- 7.3.2 Steel failure -- 7.3.3 Pull-out failure -- 7.3.4 Concrete cone failure -- 7.3.5 Splitting -- 7.3.6 Local concrete break-out (blow-out).

7.3.6.1 Characteristic resistance of a single headed fastener -- 7.3.6.2 Effect of spacing and further edge distances -- 7.3.6.3 Free component edges -- 7.3.6.4 Effect of the bearing area on the behaviour of groups -- 7.3.6.5 Effect of load eccentricity -- 7.3.6.6 Effect of the position of the fastening -- 7.3.7 Steel failure of the supplementary reinforcement -- 7.3.8 Anchorage failure of the supplementary reinforcement in the concrete cone -- 7.4 Shear load -- 7.4.1 Required verifications -- 7.4.1.1 Fastenings without supplementary reinforcement -- 7.4.1.2 Fastenings with supplementary reinforcement -- 7.4.2 Steel failure of the headed fastener -- 7.4.3 Concrete pry-out failure -- 7.4.4 Concrete edge failure -- 7.4.5 Steel failure of the supplementary reinforcement -- 7.4.6 Anchorage failure of the supplementary reinforcement in the concrete break-out body -- 7.5 Combined tension and shear load -- 8 Verification of ultimate limit state by elastic analysis for anchor channels -- 8.1 General -- 8.2 Tension forces in the supplementary reinforcement -- 8.2.1 Detailing of supplementary reinforcement in case of tension loaded anchor channels -- 8.2.2 Detailing of supplementary reinforcement in case of shear loaded anchor channels -- 8.3 Tension load -- 8.3.1 Required verifications -- 8.3.1.1 Anchor channels without supplementary reinforcement -- 8.3.1.2 Anchor channels with supplementary reinforcement -- 8.3.2 Steel failure of channel bolt and channel -- 8.3.3 Pull-out failure -- 8.3.4 Concrete cone failure -- 8.3.4.1 Characteristic resistance of a single anchor -- 8.3.4.2 Effect of neighbouring anchors -- 8.3.4.3 Effect of edges of the concrete member -- 8.3.4.4 Effect of a corner of the concrete member -- 8.3.4.5 Effect of dense surface reinforcement (shell spalling) -- 8.3.4.6 Effect of the anchor channel position -- 8.3.4.7 Effect of a narrow member.

8.3.5 Splitting of the concrete -- 8.3.6 Blow-out failure -- 8.3.7 Steel- and anchorage failure of the supplementary reinforcement -- 8.4 Shear loads -- 8.4.1 Required verifications -- 8.4.2 Channel bolt (special screw) and local flexure of channel lip -- 8.4.3 Concrete pry-out failure -- 8.4.4 Concrete edge failure -- 8.4.4.1 Characteristic resistance of one anchor (basic resistance) -- 8.4.4.2 Influence of neighbouring anchors -- 8.4.4.3 Effect of a corner -- 8.4.4.4 Effect of the thickness of the structural component -- 8.4.4.5 Effect of load parallel to the edge -- 8.4.4.6 Effect of the anchor channel position -- 8.4.4.7 Effect of a narrow member -- 8.4.4.8 Steel and anchorage failure of the supplementary reinforcement -- 8.5 Combined tension and shear loads -- 9 Plastic design approach, fastenings with headed fasteners and post-installed fasteners -- 9.1 General -- 9.2 Conditions of application -- 9.3 Distribution of external forces to the fasteners of a group -- 9.4 Design of fastenings -- 10 Durability -- 10.1 General -- 10.2 Fasteners in dry, internal conditions -- 10.3 Fasteners in external atmospheric or in permanently damp internal exposure and high corrosion exposure -- 10.3.1 Fastenings in external atmospheric or in permanently damp internal exposure -- 10.3.2 Fasteners in high corrosion exposure by chloride and sulphur dioxide -- 11 Exposure to fire -- 11.1 General -- 11.2 Basis of design -- 11.3 Resistances under tension and shear load -- 11.3.1 Steel failure under tension load and shear load -- 11.3.2 Steel failure under shear load with lever arm -- 11.3.3 Pull-out under tension load -- 11.3.4 Concrete break-out under tension load and concrete pry-out failure under shear load -- 11.3.5 Concrete edge failure under shear load -- 12 Seismic loading -- 12.1 General -- 12.2 Additions and alterations to EN 1998-1:2004 (Eurocode 8).

12.3 Verification of seismic loading -- 12.3.1 General -- 12.3.2 Derivation of actions -- 12.3.3 Resistance -- 13 Outlook -- References -- Index.