Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Translator's New Foreword and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- A Note on the Text -- Section 1 -- Section 2 -- Foreword -- The Equality of Men -- Section 3 -- The Equality of Nations -- National Independence Through Personal Independence -- Section 4 -- The Duty of Scholars -- Section 5 -- Speech Delivered 1 January 1874 -- Section 6 -- The Importance of National Laws -- Section 7 -- The Duties of the Citizens of the Nation -- Section 8 -- Respect for the Independence of Others -- Section 9 -- A Letter to Old Friends in Nakatsu Stating Two Ways of Learning -- Section 10 -- Letter to Old Friends in Nakatsu, Continued -- Section 11 -- The Falsity of the Idea of Moral Subordination -- Section 12 -- An Encouragement of Public Speaking -- The Refinement of Conduct -- Section 13 -- The Damage of Envy in Society -- Section 14 -- A Criticism of People's Thoughts -- The Meaning of the Word Sewa -- Section 15 -- Methodic Doubt and Selective Judgment -- Section 16 -- The Spirit of Independence in Everyday Affairs -- The Compatibility of Intention and Activity -- Section 17 -- On Popularity -- Appendix -- A Defense of Gakumon no Susume -- Chronology of Japanese history, with special reference to Fukuzawa Yukichi and An Encouragement of Learning -- Fukuzawa Yukichi: Some Representative Writings and Further Reading -- Index.