BUILT ENVIRONMENT: DESIGN, MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATIONS -- BUILT ENVIRONMENT: DESIGN, MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE RHETORIC AND REALITY OF CULTURE-LED URBAN REGENERATION- A COMPARISON OF BEIJING AND SHANGHAI, CHINA -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Beijing's Cultural Development: Underground Culture and Urban Space -- 2.1 The Rise of Underground Culture -- 2.2 Actors: From Yuanmingyuan Village to Beijing 798 -- 2.3 From Practicality to Heritage Conservation with a BoBo Style -- 3. Shanghai's Cultural Development: Commerce, Cosmopolitan and Urban Space -- 3.1 A Review of Culture and Derivatives in Shanghai -- 3.2 The Story of Shanghai: From Suzhou Creek to Red Town -- 3.3 Playing the Cards of Industrial Past in the Era of Deindustrialization -- 4. The Later Development -- 4.1 Exploring the Strategy Towards a New Economy -- 4.2 Social Divide and Gentrification -- References -- Chapter 2 RURAL GENTRIFICATION AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: EXPLORING THE CONNECTIONS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Built Environment and the Concept of Gentrification: Lessons from Urban Studies -- New-Build and Rurality -- Rural Gentrification and the Built Environment: Going beyond Building Perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 THE MATHEMATICS OF STYLE IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT: A COMPUTATIONAL, FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF FORMAL COMPLEXITY IN FIFTEEN DOMESTIC DESIGNS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Fractal Geometry and Architecture -- The Fractal Analysis Method -- Fifteen Houses, Three Stylistic Periods -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 THE USE OF THE 3D LASER SCANNER IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The 3D Laser Scanner Technology -- 2.1 Concept and Definitions -- 2.1.1 Point clouds -- 2.1.2 Overview and detail scans.

2.1.3.Overlapping Scans -- 2.1.4 Data voids -- 2.1.5 Survey control, co-ordinate systems and registration -- 2.1.6 Intensity / colour information and additional data -- 2.1.7 Weather -- 2.1.8 Data format -- 3. The Main Barriers and the Limitations in the Real World Data Modelling -- 4. The Post-Processing the Scan Data -- 4.1. 3D Point Cloud Data, Scan Registration and 3D Mesh Modeling -- 4.2. Editing the 3D Model and CAD Extraction: -- 5. The Scope for the 3D Laser Scanning Technology -- 5.1. Rapid Prototyping -- 6. A Way Forward to Better Implementation towards BIM (Building Information Modelling) -- 9. References -- Chapter 5 ANTHROPOCENTRIC BIOCYBERNETIC APPROACHES TO ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS: NEW METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Physiologically Grounded Measures in Visual Perception -- Line Detection -- Face Processing -- Fractal Dimension Perception -- Hough Transform-Based Clustering of Façades -- Facial Expression Classification for Façade Analysis -- Fractal Dimension of Skylines -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 CREATING SUSTAINABLE HABITATS FOR THE URBAN POOR: REDESIGNING SLUMS INTO CONDOMINIUM HIGH RISES IN COLOMBO -- Abstract -- Introduction: The Slums and Shanties of Colombo -- Housing Solutions for the Low-Income -- From Provision to Support -- The Sustainable Township Program -- Real Estate Exchange Ltd -- Real Estate Trustee Company (RETCL) -- Sahaspura: Exchanging Slums for Condominium Flats -- The Design of the Township -- Apartment Design -- Difficulties and Problems -- Residents' Satisfaction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 UNCOMFORTABLE, ADJUSTABLE TRADITION: LESSONS FOR CONTEMPORARY BUILDING -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Comfortable Vernacular Theory -- Vernacular in Cold Climates -- Vernacular in Hot-Arid Climates.

Vernacular in Hot-Arid Climates -- Vernacular in Complex Climates -- Summary of the Comfortable Vernacular Theory -- The Quantitative Study -- The Methodology: Multivariate Statistical Analysis -- The Data: Climate -- The Data: Generic Buildings -- The Variables: Generic Building Features -- Analysis -- Adaptive Comfort Theory as Explanation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 A SECONDARY MORTGAGE MARKET IN GHANA: ANTIDOTE OR POISON1? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Housing Market in Ghana -- Changes in Housing Policy in Ghana -- The Colonial Period -- Independence and Post Independence Era -- The Reform Period -- Would a Secondary Mortgage Market Provide Security of Homeownership in Ghana? -- Re-Diagnosing the Housing Problem in Ghana: Towards a Solution -- Reducing the Cost of Housing -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 FAR, FAR AWAY - TRIP DISTANCES AND MODE CHOICE IN THE CONTEXT OF RESIDENTIAL SELF-SELECTION AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trip Distances, Mode Choice and the Built Environment: The State of the Research -- 2.1 Travel Mode Choice and Distance to the Nearest Facility -- 2.2 Travel Mode Choice and Realised Distance -- 2.3 Hypotheses and Study Approach -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Data Used -- 3.2 Variables -- 3.3 Methodology of Structural Equation Modelling -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- 6. References -- Chapter 10 ON THE EMPIRICS OF HOUSING ILLEGALITY: A CASE STUDY IN HONG KONG -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Proliferation of UBWs in Hong Kong -- Housing Illegalities in Hong Kong -- Enforcement against UBWs -- The Extent of the UBW Problem in Hong Kong -- Reasons Underlying UBW Proliferation in Hong Kong -- Consequences of UBW Proliferation -- Survey on Unauthorized Appendages -- Characteristics of the Surveyed Buildings -- Number of Unauthorized Appendages by Type.

Analysis Results Analyses of the Survey Findings -- Purposes of the Unauthorized Appendages: Space Creation or Amenity Enhancement? -- Risk Levels of the Unauthorized Appendages -- Building Characteristics and Number of Unauthorized Appendages -- Implications of the Analysis Results -- Promotion of Better Building Designs -- Promoting of Better Building Management -- Minor Works Control Regime -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Defining and Measuring the Environment -- Defining and Measuring Physical Activity -- The Built Environment and Physical Activity -- The Social Environment and Physical Activity -- Self-Efficacy as a Mediator -- A Comprehensive Study of the Environment-Physical Activity Relationship -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 POTENTIAL REUSE OF CONTAMINATED SOILS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -- Abstract -- 1.0. Introduction -- 1.1. Contamination -- 1.1.1. Inorganic Contamination -- 1.1.2. Organic Contamination -- 1.1.3. Other Forms of Contamination -- 1.2. Current Policies, Targets and Measures in the UK -- 1.3. Soil Remediation -- 1.4. Potential Reuse of Remediated Soils -- 2.0. The Former Avenue Coking Works -- 2.1. Remediation Trials -- 2.1.1. Enhanced thermal conduction -- 3.0. Physical/Chemical Properties of Thermal Desorbed Soil -- 4.0. Thermal Desorbed Soil as Embankment Fill -- 4.1. Coefficient of Interaction of Thermally Desorbed Soil -- 4.2. Tensile Strength Properties of Geotextile -- 4.3. Stability Analysis of Thermal Desorbed Soil as Embankment Fill -- 5.0. Conclusions -- 6.0. Recommendations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 13 INTERGENERATIONAL HOUSING AS A NEW VECTOR OF SOCIAL COHESION -- Abstract -- I. Background - the Emergence of Collective Housing -- a) A Spreading Phenomenon...

b) ...That Raises Questions -- II. A Fundamental Question: Where to House the Grandpappy Boomers Adequately? -- III. The Virtues of Intergenerational Housing -- IV. Legal Obstacles -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 AUGMENTED REALITY: A NOVEL APPROACH TO INTERFACING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING SERVERS FOR DESIGN COLLABORATION -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1 BIM Adoption -- 2.2 Augmented Reality in Design Collaboration -- 3. Technical Requirements for a BIM Server -- 3.1 Case Study Using a State-of-the-Art BIM Server -- 3.2 Analysis of Document-Based Collaboration Platforms in the AEC Industries -- 3.3 Technical Requirements for a BIM Server -- 3.3.1 BIM model management related requirements -- 3.3.2 Design review related requirements -- 3.3.3 Data security related requirements: -- 4. An Integration Framework for Interfacing BIM Servers Using AR -- 5. Summary -- 6. References -- Chapter 15 MAYORS IN GHANA: 'PUBLIC' SERVANTS OR AGENTS OF CAPITAL?1 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- What Is Happening? -- Who Gains -- Who Loses? Does This Distribution Matter? -- Mayors in Ghana: Accountable to Whom? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16 GENTRIFICATION IN GLOBALIZATION: FORCES TO BE EXPLORED IN CHINESE CITIES -- Gentrification Is Now Global -- Gentrification in Chinese Cities Emerged after Its Door Was Open to the Global -- References -- INDEX -- Blank Page.