Unconstrained Problems -- General Introduction -- Basic Methods -- Line-Searches -- Newtonian Methods -- Conjugate Gradient -- Special Methods -- A Case Study: Seismic Reection Tomography -- Nonsmooth Optimization -- to Nonsmooth Optimization -- Some Methods in Nonsmooth Optimization -- Bundle Methods. The Quest for Descent -- Applications of Nonsmooth Optimization -- Computational Exercises -- Newton's Methods in Constrained Optimization -- Background -- Local Methods for Problems with Equality Constraints -- Local Methods for Problems with Equality and InequalityConstraints -- Exact Penalization -- Globalization by Line-Search -- Quasi-Newton Versions -- Interior-Point Algorithms for Linear and QuadraticOptimization -- Linearly Constrained Optimization and SimplexAlgorithm -- Linear Monotone Complementarity and Associated Vector Fields -- Predictor-Corrector Algorithms -- Non-Feasible Algorithms -- Self-Duality -- One-Step Methods -- Complexity of Linear Optimization Problems with Integer Data -- Karmarkar's Algorithm.