Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I Theories, Principles and Approaches -- Chapter 1 Economic Context, Policy Environment and the Changing Role of Design Economists -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The economic context -- 1.3 Globalisation of construction market -- 1.4 The policy environment and the construction industry -- 1.5 Current and emerging role of design economists -- References -- Chapter 2 Theories and Principles of Design Economics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Factors affecting design costs and benefits -- 2.3 Capital cost theory -- 2.4 Whole life cost theory -- 2.5 Value management theory -- 2.6 Value of design theory -- 2.7 Carter's model -- 2.8 Resource‐based theory -- References -- Chapter 3 New Approaches and Rules of Measurement for Cost Estimating and Planning -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The standardisation of cost estimating -- 3.3 The RICS NRM 1 -- 3.4 RIBA plan of work, RICS estimating, cost planning and NRM 1 -- 3.5 Cost estimating and cost planning -- 3.6 Elemental Standard Form of Cost Analysis (SFCA) -- 3.7 Benchmarking (cost limits) -- 3.8 Building information modelling -- 3.9 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 4 The Relationship between Building Height and Construction Costs -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Research in the 1970s and 1980s -- 4.3 More recent research in Hong Kong and Shanghai -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 Appraisal of Design to Determine Viability of Development Schemes -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Assessing costs and benefits of design alternatives -- 5.3 Appraisal of design using discounting methods -- 5.4 Appraisal of design using residual technique -- 5.5 Case study of the blackfriars development project -- 5.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 6 Eco-cost Associated with Tall Buildings -- 6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Overview of the Dutch housing market and land use planning -- 6.3 Eco-costs/value ratio and the EVR model -- 6.4 Applying the EVR model to housing -- 6.5 EVR and tall buildings -- 6.6 Embedding EVR in other sustainable ranking methods -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Productivity in Construction Projects -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Concept and measurement of productivity -- 7.3 Previous literature on factors affecting site productivity -- 7.4 Productivity survey -- 7.5 Proposed framework for site productivity -- 7.6 Conclusion and further research -- References -- Chapter 8 Design Variables and Whole-Life Cost Modelling -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Whole-life cost modelling -- 8.3 Steps in LCC modelling -- 8.4 Design principles to optimise lcc -- 8.5 A worked example of an office façade -- 8.6 Inclusion of carbon emissions into wlc modelling -- 8.7 Limitations of wlc -- 8.8 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 9 Procurement and Contract Strategy: Risks Allocation and Construction Cost -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Procurement strategy and contract selection -- 9.3 Wembley stadium case study -- 9.4 Allocation of risks and forms of contract -- 9.5 Risks and construction costs -- 9.6 Procurement systems and contract issues -- 9.7 Alternative forms of procurement -- 9.8 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 10 Sustainable Design, Investment and Value -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Formulation of project goals -- 10.3 Identifying value-related characteristics -- 10.4 The performance approach -- 10.5 Use of sustainability assessment systems -- 10.6 Relationship between sustainable credentials and value -- 10.7 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 11 Carbon Reduction and Fiscal Incentives for Sustainable Design -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Key drivers of owners and occupiers -- 11.3 Reducing demand for energy in buildings.

11.4 Fiscal drivers -- 11.5 Reliefs and allowances -- 11.6 Subsidies and incentives -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 Environmental Assessment Tools: An Overview of the UK's BREEAM and the US's LEED -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Context and the need to design to reduce carbon emission -- 12.3 Key features of environmental assessment tools -- 12.4 The Breeam tool -- 12.5 The leed tool -- 12.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 13 Space Planning and Organisational Performance -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Organisational performance and innovative work settings -- 13.3 Hypotheses and test results -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 Achieving Zero Carbon in Sustainable Communities -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Key concepts and principles -- 14.3 Key features of decentralised energy networks -- 14.4 Activity-based design approach -- 14.5 Key steps in the design process -- 14.6 Evaluating energy, space and land requirements -- 14.7 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 15 Flood Risk Mitigation: Design Considerations and Cost Implications for New and Existing Buildings -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Increasing challenges of flooding due to global warming and urban development -- 15.3 Flood mitigation -- 15.4 Flood mitigation consideration for new buildings at design stage -- 15.5 Implications of mitigation measures in terms of building cost -- 15.6 Implications of mitigation measures in terms of property value and insurance cost -- 15.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part II Industry Perspective, Case Studies and Implications for Curriculum Development -- Chapter 16 Reusing Knowledge and Leveraging Technology to Reduce Design and Construction Costs -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Knowledge reuse in construction processes and projects -- 16.3 Knowledge reuse in construction projects.

16.4 Leveraging knowledge systems to reduce time and costs -- 16.5 4Projects knowledge solution -- 16.6 Case studies and discussions -- 16.7 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 17 Sustainable Design Economics and Property Valuation: An Industry Perspective -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Sustainable design economics and property valuation -- 17.3 Data collection -- 17.4 UK government impact -- 17.5 The valuation process -- 17.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 Cost Planning of Construction Projects: An Industry Perspective -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Concept and format of a cost plan -- 18.3 How a cost plan is put together -- 18.4 How the cost plan evolves through the riba design stages -- 18.5 Main factors that affect the overall cost of a building -- 18.6 Impact of sustainability on cost plans -- 18.7 Recent developments in BIM and the implications for cost planning -- 18.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19 Life Cycle Costing and Sustainability Assessments: An Industry Perspective with Case Studies -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Sustainability considerations in design -- 19.3 Using the life cycle costing standards -- 19.4 Case study 1 - whole building -- 19.5 Case study 2 - lighting -- 19.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 20 Designing Super-Tall Buildings for Increased Resilience: New Measures and Cost Considerations -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Challenges of tall buildings and the need for increased resilience -- 20.3 Factors influencing design and cost of tall buildings -- 20.4 Design of counter-terrorism measures -- 20.5 Cost of new measures and design -- 20.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 21 Building Information Modelling: A New Approach to Design, Quantification, Costing, and Schedule Management with Case Studies -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Concept of Bim -- 21.3 Integration and dataflow.

21.8 Conclusion and future directions -- References -- Chapter 22 Case Study: Value Engineering and Management Focusing on Groundworks and Piling Packages -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Why VM? -- 22.3 When and where is VM applied? -- 22.4 Value management implemention and tools used -- 22.5 Practical benefits and savings -- 22.6 Reflection and concluding remarks -- Chapter 23 Case Study: Value Engineering of a New Office Development with Retail Provision -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Why value management? -- 23.3 When and where is value management applied? -- 23.4 Value management implementation and tools used -- 23.5 Practical benefits and savings -- 23.6 Concluding remarks -- Chapter 24 Case Studies: Sustainable Design, Innovation and Competitiveness in Construction Firms -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Background and context -- 24.4 Case studies -- 24.5 Findings and discussions -- 24.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 25 Case Study: Retrofitting Building Services Design and Sustainability: Star Island -- 25.1 Introduction -- 25.2 Initial study or analysis to identify problems -- 25.3 Funding for capital improvement plan -- 25.4 Evaluation of design options and the cost implications -- 25.5 Proposed design solution and costs -- 25.6 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 26 Case Studies: Maximising Design and Construction Opportunities through Fiscal Incentives -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Strategic considerations -- 26.3 Capital allowances planning -- 26.4 Enhanced capital allowances (ECA) -- 26.5 Land remediation relief (LRR) -- 26.6 Value added tax -- 26.7 Taxation anti-avoidance -- 26.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 27 Mapping Sustainability in the Quantity Surveying Curriculum: Educating Tomorrow's Design Economists -- 27.1 Introduction -- 27.2 Literature review on sustainability issues.

27.3 Development of the Sustainability Framework.