OLIGOSACCHARIDES: SOURCES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS -- OLIGOSACCHARIDES: SOURCES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HISTORY OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- Structural Characterization of Novel Minor Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Non-Secretor or Lewis Negative Donor Milk -- Additional Core Units O\of Human Milk Oligosaccharides -- 3. QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- 4. GASTROINTESTINAL DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- 5. BIFIDOBACTERIUM GROWTH STIMULATION BY HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- 6. MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES AS ANTI-PATHOGENIC AGENTS -- 7. IMMUNO - MODULATING EFFECT OF MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- 8. MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF THE COW AND OTHER DOMESTIC FARM ANIMALS AND THEIR FUTURE INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION -- 9. GLYCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOPEPTIDES -- 10. GLYCOLIPIDS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PREBIOTIC OLIGOSACCHARIDES: ORIGINS AND PRODUCTION, HEALTH BENEFITS AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PREBIOTIC OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- 2.1. Lactulose -- 2.2. Inulin and Fructo-Oligosaccharides (FOS) -- 2.3. Galacto-Oligosaccharides (GOS) -- 2.4. Soybean Oligosaccharides (SOS) -- 2.5. Lactosucrose (LS) -- 2.6. Isomalto-Oligosaccharides (IMO) -- 2.7. Gluco-Oligosaccharides -- 2.8. Xylo-Oligosaccharides (XOS) -- 3. ORIGINS AND PRODUCTION -- 3.1. Extraction -- 3.2. Chemical Approach -- 3.3. Enzymatic Approach -- 3.3.1. Polysaccharide Hydrolysis -- 3.3.2. Enzymatic Synthesis -- 4. HEALTH BENEFITS -- 4.1. Reduction of Acute Infections and Inflammatory Reactions -- 4.2. Prevention of Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) -- 4.3. Immune Stimulation -- 4.4. Lowering Lactose Intolerance -- 4.5. Lowering Risk of Colon Cancer.

4.6. Cholesterol Lowering Effect and Lipid Metabolism -- 5. COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS -- 5.1. Food Applications -- 5.2. Applications for Animals -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES FROM HYPERTHERMOPHILES: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND EXPLOITATION IN OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES FORM HYPERTHERMOPHILES -- THE β-D-GLYCOSIDASE -- THE α-D-XYLOSIDASE -- THE α-L-FUCOSIDASE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR, CYCLIC AND COMPLEX TYPE OLIGOSACCHARIDES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Oligosaccharides : Definition and Classification -- Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Chemical vs. Enzymatic Methods -- ENZYMES THAT ARE USED IN OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS -- OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS BY CGTASE -- Significance of Oligosaccharide Products -- A β-CGTase from a Thermotolerant Paenibacillus -- Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Recombinant CGTase from Paenibacillus sp. RB01 -- OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS BY AMYLOMALTASE -- Significance of Oligosaccharide Products -- A Novel Amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum -- Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Recombinant Amylomaltase from C. glutamicum -- OLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS BY ENDO-β-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE -- Significance of Oligosaccharide Products -- Structure and Function of N-Linked Oligosaccharides -- General Knowledge on Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase -- Preparation and Biochemical Properties of Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases -- Endo HS -- Endo FV -- Oligosaccharide Synthesis through Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation Activities of Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases -- Endo A -- Endo M -- Endo HS -- Endo FV -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PRECURSOR N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES AS CODES FOR GLYCOPROTEIN FOLDING STATUS -- ABSTRACT -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- INTRODUCTION.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE GLC3MAN9GLCNAC2 OLIGOSACCHARIDE PRECURSOR -- PROCESSING OF GLUCOSE RESIDUES - EARLY STAGES OF GLYCOPROTEIN QUALITY CONTROL -- ERp57 and Other Oxidoreductases -- MANNOSE TRIMMING - THE PATH TO ERAD LEADS FROM M9 TO M6-5 -- ER Mannosidase I and Mannose Trimming -- MANNOSE TRIMMING IN THE ER-DERIVED QUALITY CONTROL COMPARTMENT -- A Role for the Edems in Glycoprotein Quality Control -- RETROTRANSLOCATION OF GLYCOPROTEINS TARGETED TO ERAD -- N-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDE RECOGNITION AND PROCESSING IN CORRECTLY FOLDED GLYCOPROTEINS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM SUCROSE VIA GLYCANSUCRASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. FRUCTANSUCRASES -- 2. GLUCANSUCRASES -- 2.1. Dextransucrases (EC 2.4.1.5) that Produce Linear Products -- 2.2. Dextransucrases that Produce Highly Branched Products -- 2.3. Alternansucrase (EC 2.4.1.140) -- 2.4. Reuteransucrase, Amylosucrase and Mutansucrase -- 3. APPLICATIONS -- 3.1. Disaccharides: Leucrose and Sucrose Analogues -- 3.2. Glucooligosaccharides (GOS or GlcOS) -- 3.3. Alternan Oligosaccharides -- 4. OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF PLANT ORIGIN -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION. -- 2. GLUCURONOXYLANS -- 2.1. ESI-MS/MS of Linear Xylo-Oligosaccharides -- 2.2. ESI-MS/MS of Linear Methyl-Glucuronic Acid Substituted Xylo-Oligosaccharides -- 2.3. ESI-MS/MS of Linear Glucuronic Acid Substituted Xylo- Oligosaccharides and Distinction of Isomeric Structures -- 3. STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF COFFEE POLYSACCHARIDES AND EFFECT OF THE ROASTING PROCESS -- 3.1. Coffee Galactomannans -- 3.2. Roasted Induced Structural Changes of Galactomannans -- 4. TYPE II ARABINOGALACTANS -- 5. DIFFERENTIATION OF ANOMERIC CONFIGURATIONS OF REDUCING DISACCHARIDES OF GLUCOSE BY ESI-MS/MS -- REFERENCES.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE OLIGOSACCHARIDE FUNCTIONS IN PLANT CELL: UPDATES AND PROSPECTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SHORT HISTORY OF OLIGOSACCHARINS -- OLIGOSACCHARINS AND PLANT DEFENSE REACTIONS AGAINST PATHOGENS -- Oligosaccharins Originating from Microbial Walls -- Β-Glucans as Elicitor Active Oligosaccharins -- Chitin- and Chitosan-Derived Oligosaccharins -- Plant Oligosaccharins Involved in Defense Reactions -- Oligogalacturonides as Elicitors -- Reactions Elicited by Oligosaccharides -- In Summary -- OLIGOSACCHARIN INVOLVEMENT IN PLANT REACTIONS TO WOUNDING -- In Summary -- OLIGOSACCHARINS AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT -- OLIGOSACCHARINS AND PLANT ADAPTATION -- In Summary -- FORMATION OF OLIGOSACCHARINS IN VIVO -- MOVEMENT OF OLIGOSACCHARINS IN PLANTS -- In Summary -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN AQUACULTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND SOURCES OF MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE -- 3. APPLICATION METHODS AND DOSAGE -- 4. EFFECTS OF MOS ON GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF AQUACULTURE SPECIES -- 4.1. Decapods -- 4.2. Teleosts -- 5. EFFECTS OF MOS ON DIGESTIVE TRACT OFAQUATIC SPECIES -- 5.1. Decapods -- 5.2. Teleosts -- 6. EFFECT OF MOS ON IMMUNE SYSTEM AND HEALTH STATUS -- 6.1. Decapods -- 6.2. Teleosts -- 7. CURRENT CONSTRAINS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- FACILE SYNTHESIS OF UNNATURAL OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PHOSPHORYLASE- CATALYZED ENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATIONS USING NEW GLYCOSYL DONORS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 3. SYNTHESIS OF α-D-MANNOSYLATED, α-D-XYLOSYLATED, AND α- DEOXY-D-GLUCOSYLATED MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PHOSPHORYLASE CATALYSIS -- 4. SYNTHESIS OF α- D-GLUCOSAMINYLATED MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PHOSPHORYLASE CATALYSIS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- OLIGOSACCHARIDES: SOURCES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS -- ABSTRACT.

INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN MICROORGANISMS -- Inhibitory Effect on Bacterial Growth -- Promote the Proliferation of Intestinal Bacteria -- Antiviral Activity -- THE ROLE OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN PLANTS -- OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM FUNGAL CELL WALL -- β-glucan Oligosaccharides -- Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides -- OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM PLANT CELL WALL -- Oligogalacturonides -- Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides -- Glycopeptides -- THE ROLE OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN -- Difficult to Digest, Low Calorific Value -- Anti-Caries -- INFULENCE THE LIPID AND SERUM CHOLESTEROL -- Improve Immunity -- Anti-Tumor Activity -- APPLICATIONS -- Oligosaccharides in the Functional Food Market -- Oligosaccharides Application in Feed Industry -- Oligosaccharides Application in Agriculture -- Oligosaccharides Application in Pharmaceutics -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.