Translation as a Profession -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- I. Translation -- Chapter 1. An overview -- 1. Talking at cross purposes -- 2. The aims of translation -- 3. The nature of translation -- 4. The quality constraints -- 5. The stakes -- 6. The diversity of translations -- 7. An overview of the translator's job -- 8. A breakdown of tasks -- 8.1. Pre-translation -- 8.2. Information retrieval and data management -- 8.3. Terminography -- 8.4. Phraseography -- 8.5. Transfer (so-called `translation') -- 8.6. Quality controls (part of quality assurance) -- 8.7. Post-translation -- On-line QA/QA testing -- Chapter 2. Categories of translation -- Introduction -- 1. General translation -- 2. Specialised translation -- 2.1. Translation of specialised material -- 2.2. Translation of specialised types of documents/materials -- 2.3. Special target/channel/purpose translations -- 2.4. Translation of material embedded in particular media -- Chapter 3. The translation process from A to Z -- Introduction -- 1. Finding the job of work -- 1.1. Before the translation service provision cycle gets underway -- 1.2. Once the translation `requirement' has been identified -- 2. Getting the translation -- 2.1. Finding the operators -- 2.2. Once the operator or operators have been confirmed -- 3. Preparing, planning and organizing the job -- 3.1. Preparing the translation (localisation, subtitling, etc.) kit -- 3.2. Receiving and checking the translation/localisation/subtitling kit -- 3.3. Reaching final agreement -- 3.4. Setting up and testing the translation environment -- 3.5. Planning the translation -- 4. Preparing the translation -- 4.1. Making the source material available -- 4.2. Analysing the source material -- 4.3. Acquiring the knowledge and information required.

4.4. Setting up the raw materials -- 4.5. Doing translation samples -- 4.6. to11.4cmHaving the resources/raw materials and additional specifications approved -- 4.7. Advance (or forward) operations -- 5. Transferring/translating the material -- 6. Performing quality controls -- 6.1. Quality controls by the translator -- 6.2. Quality controls by the reviser -- 6.3. Quality controls by the work provider -- 6.4. Corrections and adaptations by the translator and/or reviser -- 6.5. Final checks -- 7. Closing the job file -- 8. Creating the archive/consolidating the instruments -- 9. Follow-up -- II. The translating profession -- Chapter 4. The translating profession -- 1. Translators -- A few figures -- 1.1. Translators are not interpreters -- 1.2. Translators are mostly women -- 1.3. Translators work in language pairs -- 1.4. Translators translate from B to A, with (increasing) exceptions -- 1.5. Translators specialise -- 1.6. Translators are masters of communications technologies -- 2. Translators' statuses -- 2.1. Salaried translators -- A special case: decentralised in-house translation services -- 2.2. Freelance translators -- 2.3. Translators working for publishing companies -- 2.4. `Outlaws' -- 2.5. `Invisible' translators -- 2.6. Special cases -- Second-job translators -- Part-time translators -- Occasional translators -- Remote translators -- 2.7. Distribution -- 3. Type of service and work organisation -- 3.1. `Pure' translation vs. extended service -- 3.2. Single translator vs. multiple translators -- 3.3. Working alone vs. translating in a team -- 3.4. Being `autonomous' vs. being `revised' -- 3.5. PRAT vs. CAT -- 4. Partners -- 5. Job profiles -- 5.1. Translator/localiser -- 5.2. Specialist operators -- 5.3. Project manager -- 5.4. Technical writer -- 5.5. Multilingual, multimedia communication engineer -- 6. The organisation of supply.

6.1. The freelancers' offer -- 6.2. The translation companies' offer -- 6.3. Brokerage companies and agencies -- 6.4. Miscellaneous offers -- 6.5. Blurred and changing contours -- 7. Markets and the organisation of demand -- Facts and figures -- 7.1. Language and directionality -- 7.2. Territory -- 7.3. Degree of specialization (general vs. specialised) -- 7.4. Category -- 7.5. Context -- 7.6. Scale -- 7.7. Accessibility (open vs. closed markets) -- 7.8. Volume (large vs. small markets) -- 7.9. Scope (pure translation vs. extended service) -- 7.10. Translator and translator strategy -- III. Becoming a translator -- Chapter 5. Should I or shouldn't I? -- Introduction -- 1. Prerequisites and conditions -- 2. Recruitment profiles -- 3. Recruitment levels -- 4. Have I got what it takes? -- Chapter 6. The die is cast! -- Introduction -- 1. Choosing a particular domain (if relevant) -- 1.1. Literary translation -- 1.2. Translating for the publishing industry -- 1.3. Media translation -- 1.4. Specialised translation -- 2. Training to be a translator -- 2.1. Existing programmes and courses -- 2.2. Specific choices -- Points to ponder -- 3. Choosing a status -- 3.1. Going freelance or taking up salaried employment? -- 3.2. Working as an expat? -- 4. Starting out -- 4.1. `Setting up shop' as a freelance translator -- Minimum investment requirement -- 4.2. Finding employment as a salaried translator -- 4.3. Setting up one's own business -- A word of warning -- Chapter 7. Here we go! -- Introduction -- 1. Strategies -- 1.1. Set simple rules and never depart from them -- 1.2. Rely on word of mouth -- 1.3. Head for the right tier of the market -- 1.4. Beware of pipe dreams! -- 1.5. Beware the kiss of death! -- 2. `Sell' high quality translation -- 3. Learn how to talk about quality -- 4. Offer a wide range of products and prices -- IV. Being a translator.

Chapter 8. Of time and money -- Introduction -- 1. Making a living out of translation -- 1.1. Salaried translators -- 1.2. Freelance translators -- 2. Managing wages and rates -- 2.1. Bases for calculation -- 2.2. Invoicing modes -- 2.3. Rates and remuneration -- 3. Earning more -- 3.1. Specialising or moving into a niche market -- 3.2. Increasing productivity -- 3.3. Selecting the `best' clients and increasing their numbers -- 3.4. Updating tariffs regularly -- 4. Avoiding management errors -- 5. Optimizing time management -- 6. Managing the `in-between' times -- Chapter 9. Living in a crowd -- Introduction -- 1. Translators and their work providers -- 1.1. Educating the work provider -- A special case: the in-house translator -- 2. Translators and prime contractors -- 3. Translators and project managers -- 4. Translators and finance, accounting, purchasing departments -- 5. Translators and writers or designers/developers -- 6. Translators and proof-readers -- 7. Translators and revisers -- 8. Translators and technical experts -- 9. Translators and information providers -- 10. Translators and other operators -- 11. Colleagues and fellow translators -- 12. Technical experts or linguists? -- Chapter 10 . Professional ethics -- Introduction -- 1. Basic rules -- 2. Vis-à-vis the work provider/client -- 3. In the course of a translation/localisation job -- 4. With regard to payment -- 5. Vis-à-vis colleagues or fellow translators -- 6. Vis-à-vis partners -- Chapter 11. Certification -- Chapter 12. Recognition -- Introduction -- 1. A professional status? -- 2. Professional titles -- 2.1. What title? What skills? -- Defining key skills and competences -- 2.2. Delivering the title -- 2.3. Caution required -- 2.4. What if such a `title' came into being? -- 3. Regulating access to the profession? -- 3.1. Against -- 3.2. For -- 3.3. So what is the answer?.

4. The floodgates are open -- V. Evolutions and revolutions -- Chapter 13. From P & P to WS & CATT -- 1. Basic hardware equipment -- 2. Basic functions -- 3. Text processing and desktop publishing -- 4. Web site editing/creation software -- 5. Translator tools/tools for translation -- 5.1. Dedicated resources or `passive aids' to translation -- 5.2. Search engines and directories -- 5.3. Blogs and portals -- 5.4. Terminology and phraseology management software -- 5.5. Translation memory management systems -- 5.6. Specialist software -- 5.7. Voice recognition software/speech recognition systems -- 5.8. Translation management software/systems (TMS) -- 5.9. Machine translation systems requiring human intervention -- 6. The impact of information technology -- Chapter 14. From manual to automatic -- Introduction -- 1. The friendly revolution -- 2. The not so friendly revolution -- 3. The unfriendly revolution -- 3.1. Where do we stand? -- 3.2. Should translators be afraid of machine translation? -- 3.3. Where will it all end? -- Chapter 15. From craft to industry -- Introduction -- 1. Markers of industrialisation -- 1.1. Massification -- 1.2. Processability of materials requiring translation -- 1.3. Standardisation of source material (and documentation) -- 1.4. Industrial methods, processes and work organisation -- 1.5. Process and product standardisation -- 1.6. Development and use of productivity-enhancing tools -- 1.7. Quality management -- 1.8. Internationalisation, globalisation, off-shoring, anglicisation -- 1.9. Outsourcing -- 1.10. The rise of translation companies and agencies Concentration of supply and of processing capacity -- 1.11. Business concentration, mergers and capitalisation -- 1.12. The rise and fall of the salaried translator -- 1.13. A never ending quest for productivity gains.

1.14. Division of labour and operator specialisation.