Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Biographies -- Acknowledgements -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Introducing the pan-European approach to integration on climate change impacts and vulnerabilities into regional development perspectives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Further research -- 1.3 Structure of the book -- References -- Chapter 2 Methodology for an integrated climate change vulnerability assessment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Overview of the methodology -- 2.3 Methodology in detail -- 2.3.1 Exposure assessment -- 2.3.2 Sensitivity assessment -- 2.3.3 Impact assessment -- 2.3.4 Adaptive capacity -- 2.3.5 Vulnerability assessment -- 2.4 Methodological reflections -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Identifying a typology of climate change in Europe -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methods applied -- 3.2.1 Climate change indicators -- 3.2.2 Technique of the cluster analysis -- 3.2.3 Determination of the number of clusters -- 3.2.4 Uncertainty analysis -- 3.3 Results and discussion -- 3.3.1 Typologies of climate change regions -- 3.3.2 Uncertainty analysis -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Climate change exposure assessment of European regions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Future climate projections: the CCLM model -- 4.3 Indicators on exposure to climatic stimuli -- 4.4 Patterns of climatic changes across Europe -- 4.4.1 Change in annual mean temperature -- 4.4.2 Change in annual mean number of frost days -- 4.4.3 Change in annual mean number of summer days -- 4.4.4 Relative change in annual mean precipitation in winter months -- 4.4.5 Relative change in annual mean precipitation in summer months -- 4.4.6 Change in annual mean number of days with heavy rainfall -- 4.4.7 Relative change in annual mean evaporation -- 4.4.8 Change in annual mean number of days with snow cover.

4.4.9 Change in inundation through coastal storm surges -- 4.4.10 Change in inundation through river flooding -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Physical, environmental, social and cultural impacts of climate change on Europe's regions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Physical impacts of climate change -- 5.2.1 Settlements prone to river flooding -- 5.2.2 Settlements prone to flash floods -- 5.2.3 Settlements prone to coastal storm surges -- 5.2.4 Combined potential impacts of climate change on settlements -- 5.2.5 Transport and energy infrastructure prone to river flooding -- 5.2.6 Transport and energy infrastructure prone to coastal storm surges -- 5.2.7 Transport infrastructure prone to flash floods -- 5.2.8 Potential impact of climate change on major roads and railways -- 5.2.9 Potential impact of climate change on airports and harbours -- 5.2.10 Potential impact of climate change on thermal power stations and refineries -- 5.2.11 Combined physical impact of climate change -- 5.3 Environmental impacts of climate change -- 5.3.1 Forests sensitive to forest fires -- 5.3.2 Potential impact of climate change on forest fires -- 5.3.3 Protected natural areas -- 5.3.4 Potential impact of climate change on NATURA 2000 protected areas -- 5.3.5 Areas sensitive to soil erosion -- 5.3.6 Potential impact of climate change on soil erosion -- 5.3.7 Soil organic carbon -- 5.3.8 Potential impact of climate change on soil organic carbon content -- 5.3.9 Combined environmental impact of climate change -- 5.4 Social impacts of climate change -- 5.4.1 Populations particularly sensitive to heat -- 5.4.2 Potential impact of changes in summer heat on population -- 5.4.3 Populations sensitive to sea-level rise adjusted costal storm surges -- 5.4.4 Potential impact of sea-level rise on population -- 5.4.5 Populations sensitive to river flooding.

5.4.6 Potential impact of river floods on population -- 5.4.7 Populations sensitive to flash floods -- 5.4.8 Potential impact of flash floods on population -- 5.4.9 Combined social impact of climate change -- 5.5 Cultural impact of climate change -- 5.5.1 UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites sensitive to river flooding -- 5.5.2 UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites sensitive to coastal flooding -- 5.5.3 Potential impact of climate change on Cultural World Heritage Sites -- 5.5.4 Museums sensitive to river flooding -- 5.5.5 Museums sensitive to coastal flooding -- 5.5.6 Potential impact of climate change on museums -- 5.5.7 Combined cultural impact of climate change -- References -- Chapter 6 Economic impacts of climate change on Europe's regions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Agriculture and forestry -- 6.2.1 Existing studies on climate change effects -- 6.2.2 Indicator methodology -- 6.2.3 Potential impact of climate change -- 6.3 Tourism -- 6.3.1 Existing studies on climate change effects -- 6.3.2 Indicator methodology -- 6.3.3 Potential impact of climate change on tourism -- 6.4 Energy -- 6.4.1 Existing studies on climate change effects -- 6.4.2 Indicator methodology -- 6.4.3 Potential impact of climate change on the energy sector -- 6.5 Combined economic impact of climate change -- References -- Chapter 7 Assessing adaptive capacity to climate change in European regions -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Adaptation and adaptive capacity -- 7.2.1 Determinants of adaptive capacity -- 7.3 Assessing adaptive capacity -- 7.3.1 Methodology of ESPON adaptive capacity indicators -- 7.4 Mapping the adaptive capacity of European regions -- 7.4.1 Adaptive capacities of European regions -- 7.5 Enhancement of adaptive capacity in Europe -- 7.5.1 Policy recommendations -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 8 Exploring mitigative and response capacities to climate change in European regions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Regional capacities to mitigate climate change -- 8.3 Regional GHG emissions -- 8.3.1 Indicator methodology -- 8.4 Determinants of mitigative capacity -- 8.4.1 Methodology of indicators -- 8.5 Territorial potentials for mitigation of climate change -- 8.6 Regional response capacity to deal with climate change -- 8.6.1 Methodology -- 8.6.2 Map of response capacity -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Overall impact and vulnerability to climate change in Europe -- 9.1 Overall potential impact of climate change -- 9.1.1 Aggregating the five impact dimensions -- 9.1.2 Alternative aggregation using equal weights -- 9.1.3 'Pure' future impacts: an example using population projections -- 9.2 Vulnerability to climate change -- 9.2.1 Combining climate change impacts and adaptive capacity -- 9.2.2 Alternative vulnerability calculation using equal weights -- 9.2.3 Comparison with Regions 2020 climate change vulnerability index -- 9.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Role of case studies-methodological concept -- 10.1 Case studies -- References -- Chapter 11 Integrated assessment of vulnerability to climate change: the case study North Rhine-Westphalia -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Description of the study area -- 11.3 Past climatic changes and their impacts in the study area -- 11.4 Methodology of an integrated vulnerability assessment -- 11.4.1 Vulnerability concept -- 11.4.2 Selection of impact processes -- 11.4.3 Data -- 11.4.4 Quantification of sector-specific impacts -- 11.4.5 Aggregation of sector-specific impacts by arithmetic mean -- 11.4.6 Typological aggregation of sector-specific impacts -- 11.5 Results -- 11.5.1 Exposure -- 11.5.2 Sensitivity -- 11.5.3 Sector-specific impacts.

11.5.4 Aggregation of impacts by arithmetic mean -- 11.5.5 Typological categorisation of impacts -- 11.6 Discussion -- 11.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 Climate change impacts on the Hungarian, Romanian and Slovak Territories of the Tisza catchment area -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Brief characteristics of Tisza River Basin -- 12.3 Climate change impacts on Tisza River Basin -- 12.3.1 Expected climate change impacts on the Hungarian part of the basin -- 12.3.2 Expected climate change impacts on Romanian part of the catchment area -- 12.3.3 Expected climate change impacts on the Slovakian part of the river basin -- 12.3.4 Climate change impact on river floods in the Tisza Basin based on the CLAVIER project -- 12.3.5 Summary -- 12.4 Vulnerability assessment of the Tisza River case study area -- 12.4.1 Qualitative validation of COSMO-CLM exposure indicators in the context of the Tisza River case study -- 12.4.2 Exposure analysis of the Tisza Basin -- 12.4.3 Sensitivity assessment -- 12.4.4 Potential impact assessment -- 12.4.5 Adaptive capacity of the regions of Tisza Basin -- 12.4.6 Vulnerability -- 12.5 Existing climate change adaptation strategies in the case study area -- 12.5.1 Climate change adaptation strategies in Hungary -- 12.5.2 Climate change adaptation of Romania -- 12.5.3 Climate change adaptation strategies of the Slovak Republic -- 12.6 Policy recommendation and implications -- References -- Chapter 13 Tourism, climate change and water resources: coastal Mediterranean Spain as an example -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The study area: a brief presentation -- 13.3 Methodological outline -- 13.4 Vulnerability assessment -- 13.4.1 Exposure -- 13.4.2 Sensitivity -- 13.4.3 Impacts -- 13.4.4 Adaptive capacity -- 13.4.5 Vulnerability.

13.5 Response strategies and policy development.