Contents -- Introduction -- PART I: AN ACCOUNT OF HUMAN RIGHTS -- 1. Human Rights: The Incomplete Idea -- 1.1 The Enlightenment project on human rights -- 1.2 The indeterminateness of the term 'human right' -- 1.3 Remedies for the indeterminateness -- 1.4 Different approaches to explaining rights: substantive and structural accounts -- 1.5 A different kind of substantive account -- 1.6 How should we go about completing the idea? -- 2. First Steps in an Account of Human Rights -- 2.1 Top-down and bottom-up accounts -- 2.2 The human rights tradition -- 2.3 A proposal of a substantive account -- 2.4 One ground for human rights: personhood -- 2.5 A second ground: practicalities -- 2.6 Is there a third ground?: equality -- 2.7 How we should understand 'agency'? -- 2.8 In what sense are human rights 'universal'? -- 2.9 Do we need a more pluralist account? -- 3. When Human Rights Conflict -- 3.1 One of the central questions of ethics -- 3.2 Conflicts between human rights themselves -- 3.3 Are human rights co-possible? -- 3.4 Conflicts between a human right and other kinds of moral consideration -- 3.5 A proposal and a qualification -- 3.6 A step beyond intuition -- 3.7 Some ways in which human rights resist trade-offs -- 3.8 Reprise -- 4. Whose Rights? -- 4.1 The scope of the question -- 4.2 Potential agents -- 4.3 The inference from moral weight to human rights -- 4.4 Need accounts of human rights -- 4.5 A class of rights on their own? -- 4.6 A role for stipulation -- 4.7 Coming into rights in stages -- 5. My Rights: But Whose Duties? -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 What duties? -- 5.3 Whose duties? -- 5.4 Primary and secondary duties -- 5.5 AIDS in Africa -- 5.6 Can there be rights without indentifiable duty-bearers? -- 6. The Metaphysics of Human Rights -- 6.1 Two models of value judgement -- 6.2 Human interests and the natural world.

6.3 The test of the best explanation -- 6.4 The metaphysics of human rights -- 7. The Relativity and Ethnocentricity of Human Rights -- 7.1 Ethical relativity -- 7.2 The relativity of human rights -- 7.3 What is the problem of ethnocentricity? -- 7.4 Tolerance -- PART II: HIGHEST-LEVEL HUMAN RIGHTS -- 8. Autonomy -- 8.1 The three highest-level human rights -- 8.2 The distinction between autonomy and liberty -- 8.3 The value of autonomy -- 8.4 The content of the right to autonomy -- 8.5 Autonomy and free will: what if we are not autonomous? -- 9. Liberty -- 9.1 Highest-level rights -- 9.2 Broad and narrow interpretations of liberty -- 9.3 'Pursuit' -- 9.4 Negative and positive sides of liberty -- 9.5 How demanding is the right? -- 9.6 Mill's 'one very simple principle' of liberty -- 9.7 Generalizing the results -- 10. Welfare -- 10.1 The historical growth of rights -- 10.2 Welfare: a civil, not a human, right? -- 10.3 A case for a human right to welfare -- 10.4 Is the proposed right too demanding? -- 10.5 The undeserving poor -- 10.6 Human rights, legal rights, and rights in the United Nations -- PART III: APPLICATIONS -- 11. Human Rights: Discrepancies Between Philosophy and International Law -- 11.1 Applications of the personhood account -- 11.2 Bringing philosophical theory and legal practice together -- 11.3 The list of human rights that emerges from the personhood account -- 11.4 Current legal lists: civil and political rights -- 11.5 Interlude on the aims and status of international law -- 11.6 Current legal lists: economic, social, and cultural rights -- 11.7 The future of international lists of human rights -- 12. A Right to Life, a Right to Death -- 12.1 The scope of the right to life -- 12.2 Locke on the scope of the right -- 12.3 Personhood as the ground of the right -- 12.4 From a right to life to a right to death.

12.5 Is there a right to death? -- 12.6 Is it a positive or a negative right? -- 13. Privacy -- 13.1 Personhood and the content of a human right to privacy -- 13.2 Legal approaches to the right to privacy -- 13.3 How broad is the right? : (i) privacy of information, (ii) privacy of space and life, and (iii) the privacy of liberty -- 13.4 A proposal about the right to privacy -- 13.5 Privacy versus freedom of expression and the right to information -- 14. Do Human Rights Require Democracy? -- 14.1 Two plausible lines of thought -- 14.2 Autonomy and liberty -- 14.3 Democracy -- 14.4 Do human rights require democracy? -- 14.5 In modern conditions? -- 15. Group Rights -- 15.1 Three generations of rights -- 15.2 No quick way of dismissing group rights -- 15.3 A case for group rights: the good-based argument -- 15.4 Another case for group rights: the justice-based argument -- 15.5 Exclusion -- 15.6 Reduction -- 15.7 What is left? -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.