Climate Adaptation Futures -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Section 1 Introduction -- 1 The past, present and future of adaptation: setting the context and naming the challenges -- 1.1 The purpose of this book -- 1.2 What are the five principal challenges for adaptation today? -- 1.3 First International Conference on Climate Change Adaptation, 2010 -- 1.4 From conference to book -- 1.5 Now it's 2012, what has changed? Reflections on the future -- References -- 2 Uncertainty/limits to adaptation/adapting to +4°C: a transcript -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thresholds and impacts -- 2.3 Adaptation -- 2.4 The bell curve -- 2.5 Observed change and attribution -- 2.6 Snow pack, fire and ice -- 2.7 Tipping points and ecosystems -- 2.8 Concluding with policy sequence -- References -- Section 2 Advances in adaptation thinking -- 3 Adaptation research: community, science or discipline? -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Why do we need a special effort in adaptation research? -- 3.3 How well is adaptation research addressing these challenges? -- 3.4 The way forward - an integrated research agenda -- References -- 4 Food security under a changing climate: frontiers of science or adaptation frontiers? -- 4.1 Abstract -- 4.2 Introduction -- 4.3 Climate adaptation frontiers -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Emerging dimensions of fair process for adaptation decision-making -- 5.1 Dimensions of adaptation decision-making and implications for fair adaptation -- 5.2 Markets, identity and responsibility -- 5.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Conversations on adaptation effectiveness -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Perspectives from adaptation of urban centres -- 6.3 Perspectives from ecosystem adaptation -- 6.4 Perspectives from adaptation and human health.

6.5 Perspectives from the adaptation of coastal zones -- 6.6 Discussion -- 6.7 Conclusions -- 6.8 Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Minimising the risk of maladaptation: a framework for analysis -- 7.1 Maladaptation -- 7.2 Adapting to sea-level rise in the South Pacific -- 7.3 The risk of maladaptation to sea-level rise in the South Pacific -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Section 3 Enabling frameworks and policy for adaptation -- 8 How much adaptation: are existing policy and institutions enough? -- 8.1 Characterising adaptation as policy challenge -- 8.2 Using existing knowledge and capacities -- 8.3 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Bridging the science-policy interface: informing climate governance in the USA -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The importance of non-nation-state actors in climate response and governance -- 9.3 Information and the iterative approach to managing climate risks -- 9.4 Improving information -- 9.5 Communicating information -- 9.6 Governmentality, information and the science-policy interface -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- 10 Wise adaptation to climate change: the view from Japan -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 An overview of climate change adaptation policy -- 10.3 Concept of wise adaptation -- 10.4 Guidelines for wise adaptation -- 10.5 Towards a safe and secure society with flexible adaptation -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 11 Scenarios for picturing a future adapted to +4°C -- References -- 12 Creating legislative frameworks for adaptation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The need for legislative frameworks -- 12.3 The 'adaptive law' contradiction -- 12.4 Legislative approaches to sea-level rise in Australia -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Natural hazards and insurance -- References -- Section 4 Engaging with stakeholders -- 14 Communication of information for adaptation -- 14.1 Introduction.

14.2 What is effective communication to support climate change adaptation? -- 14.3 Challenges and barriers to the effective communication of information for adaptation -- 14.4 Australia ' s National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility: one approach towards improving communication of information for adaptation at a national level -- 14.5 Communication of information for adaptation: conclusions and future priorities -- References -- Case Study 1 Designer guidance: climate change information for New Zealanddecision-makers -- Case Study 2 Evidence based media: a communication approach for effectiveclimate adaptation -- Case Study 3 Indigenous people and climate change adaptation: engagement through tailored communication, research and monitoring -- 15 Fostering community acceptance of managed retreat in New Zealand -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Recent literature related to factors which influence acceptance of managed retreat policies -- 15.3 Case study: Project Twin Streams, Auckland, New Zealand -- 15.4 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Community engagement to resolve climate adaptation conflicts: utilising consensus-building, joint fact-finding strategies and cognitive frames analysis -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Climate change adaptation, natural resources, uncertainty and conflict -- 16.3 Consensus-building for community adaptation to climate change -- 16.4 Joint fact-finding and assessments of climate impacts and adaptation strategies -- 16.5 Combining scientific information and local or traditional natural resource information within joint fact-finding -- 16.6 The application of cognitive frames analysis to adaptation conflicts -- 16.7 Conclusion -- References -- 17 Shared learning on adapting to climate change in south-east British Columbia, Canada -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Coordination of community adaptation projects.

17.3 Approaches used in Kimberley and Elkford projects -- 17.4 Climate change scenarios -- 17.5 Impact mapping -- 17.6 Visualisation of impacts -- 17.7 Dialogue with stakeholders and emergence of a learning network -- 17.8 Outcomes and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 18 Cultural dimensions of climate change adaptation: Indigenous knowledge and future adaptive management in East Kimberley, Australia -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Background -- 18.3 Documenting Miriwoong seasonal knowledge -- 18.4 Conclusion -- References -- Section 5 Key challenges in adaptation and development -- 19 Adaptation, development and the community -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Links between adaptation, development and the community -- 19.3 Integrating adaptation, development, the community: community-based adaptation -- 19.4 Conclusions -- References -- 20 Climate change and sustainable development in Botswana: towards a framework for adaptation -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Botswana: climate variability and climate change -- 20.3 Vulnerability to climate change -- 20.4 Responding to climate change and development challenges -- 20.5 Eco-region-based diversification: a sustainable approach for improved adaptation capacity -- 20.6 General discussion and concluding remarks -- References -- 21 The challenge of adaptation that meets the needs of low-income urban dwellers -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Who are the 'urban poor'? The continued challenge of urban poverty -- 21.3 The social dimensions of urban vulnerability -- 21.4 Effective adaptation for low-income urban residents -- 21.5 Conclusions -- References -- 22 Migration doesn't have to be a failure to adapt: an escape from environmental determinism -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Common perceptions of climate-induced migration -- 22.3 The impacts of climate change on migration.

22.4 Conclusion: policy directions for migration as adaptation -- References -- 23 Climate change adaptation pathways: insights from case studies in South Africa, Canada and the Pacific Islands -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Case Study 1: Adaptation to drought in northern Limpopo Province, South Africa -- 23.3 Case Study 2: Vulnerability assessment of the absolute homeless in Canada -- 23.4 Case Study 3: Community based adaptation in the Pacific Islands -- 23.5 Conclusion -- References -- Section 6 Natural systems and agricultural production -- 24 Ecosystem impacts and adaptation -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Ecosystem impacts and adaptation options -- 24.3 Prospects for the future -- 24.4 Conclusion -- References -- 25 Nature's technology an ecosystem-based approach to adaptation -- 25.1 Framing adaptation -- 25.2 What is ecosystem-based adaptation? -- 25.3 Examples of ecosystem-based adaptation -- 25.4 Ecosystem restoration of the Lower Danube Corridor -- 25.5 Flood protection at Alkborough -- 25.6 Managing urban heat impacts in Manchester -- 25.7 Conclusion -- References -- Case Study 4 Adaptation strategies of coffee producers in Coatepec, Veracruz, Mexico to climate variability and change -- 26 Adaptation measures to climate change in the Mongolian livestock sector -- 26.1 Introduction -- 26.2 Climate change -- 26.3 Vulnerability of livestock to climate extremes -- 26.4 Adaptation -- 26.5 Conclusions -- References -- Section 7 Water security -- 27 Addressing water security in China: screening for climate impacts and adaptation responses -- 27.1 China's climate change challenge -- 27.2 Climate risk management: screening and assessment -- 27.3 Overview of the adaptation screening framework -- 27.4 Phase 1 - Rapid qualitative analysis -- 27.5 Phase 2 - Semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis -- 27.6 Phase 3 - Adaptation options assessment.

27.7 Key lessons and conclusions.