Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction, Summary, and Policy Conclusions -- Motivation for Reform and Policy Trends -- Characteristics of Reformed Pension Systems -- Assessment of the Performance of Pension Systems -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Bulgaria -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of Bulgaria's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of Bulgaria's Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 Croatia -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of Croatia's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of Croatia's Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 The Czech Republic -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of the Czech Republic's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of the Czech Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Hungary -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of Hungary's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of Hungary's Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Poland -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of Poland's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of Poland's Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7 Romania -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of Romania's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of Romania's Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8 The Slovak Republic -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of the Slovak Republic's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of the Slovak Pension System -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9 Slovenia -- Motivation for Reform -- Characteristics of Slovenia's Pension System -- Assessment of the Performance of Slovenia's Pension System -- Conclusions.

Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- Box -- 1.1 Taxation of Retirement Savings -- Figures -- 1.1 Projected Pension System Fiscal Balances before Reform in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.2 Old-Age Dependency Ratios, 2000-50, by World Region -- 1.3 Gross Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.4 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Partial-Career Workers in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.6 Impact of Indexation on Income Replacement (Active Earnings Units) in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.7 Projected Pension System Fiscal Balances after Reform in Eight CESE Countries -- 2.1 Projected Fiscal Balance of Bulgaria's Public Pension System before Reform, 2001-50 -- 2.2 Projected Old-Age Dependency Ratio in Bulgaria, 2005-50 -- 2.3 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in Bulgaria, by Income Level -- 2.4 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in Bulgaria, by Income Level -- 2.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Bulgaria, Europe and Central Asia, and the World, by Income Level -- 2.6 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in Bulgaria, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 2.7 Projected Fiscal Balance of Bulgaria's Public Pension System after Reform, 2001-50 -- 2.8 Net Replacement Rates for Men in Bulgaria before and after Benefit Adjustment -- 3.1 Projected Old-Age Dependency Ratio in Croatia, 2006-50 -- 3.2 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in Croatia, by Income Level -- 3.3 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in Croatia, by Income Level -- 3.4 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in 2040 in Croatia, Europe and Central Asia, and the World -- 3.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in Croatia, by Career Type and Exit Age.

3.6 Projected Fiscal Balance of Croatia's Public Pension System after Reform, 2005-40 -- 4.1 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in the Czech Republic, by Income Level -- 4.2 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in the Czech Republic, by Income Level -- 4.3 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in the Czech Republic, Europe and Central Asia, and the World, by Income Level -- 4.4 Net Replacement Rates for Male Low-Income Partial-Career Workers in the Czech Republic, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 4.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in the Czech Republic, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 4.6 Net Replacement Rates for Male High-Income Partial-Career Workers in the Czech Republic, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 4.7 Projected Fiscal Balance of the Public Pension System in the Czech Republic after Reform, 2009-50 -- 4.8 Projected Old-Age and System Dependency Ratios in the Czech Republic, 2005-50 -- 4.9 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in the Czech Republic before and after Benefit Adjustment, by Income Level -- 5.1 Projected Fiscal Balance of Hungary's Public Pension System before Reform, 2000-50 -- 5.2 Projected Old-Age and System Dependency Ratios in Hungary, 2005-50 -- 5.3 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in Hungary, by Income Level -- 5.4 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in Hungary, by Income Level -- 5.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Hungary, Europe and Central Asia, and the World, by Income Level -- 5.6 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in Hungary, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 5.7 Projected Fiscal Balance of Hungary's Public Pension System after Reform, 2005-50 -- 5.8 Net Replacement Rates for Male Workers in Hungary before and after Benefit Adjustment.

6.1 Projected Fiscal Balance of Poland's Public Pension System before Reform, 2000-50 -- 6.2 Projected Old-Age and System Dependency Ratios in Poland, 2005-50 -- 6.3 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in Poland, by Income Level -- 6.4 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in Poland, by Income Level -- 6.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Poland, Europe and Central Asia, and the World, by Income Level -- 6.6 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in Poland, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 6.7 Projected Fiscal Balance of Poland's Public Pension Scheme, 2004-50 -- 7.1 Gross Replacement Rates in Romania, by Income Level -- 7.2 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in Romania, by Income Level -- 7.3 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Romania, Europe and Central Asia, and the World -- 7.4 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in Romania, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 7.5 Projected Fiscal Balance of Romania's Public Pension System after Reform, 2008-50 -- 7.6 Projected Old-Age and System Dependency Ratios in Romania, 2008-50 -- 7.7 Net Replacement Rates for Male Workers in Romania before and after Benefit Adjustment -- 8.1 Projected Fiscal Balance of the Slovak Republic's Public Pension Scheme before Reform, 2000-50 -- 8.2 Projected Old-Age and System Dependency Ratios in the Slovak Republic before Reform, 2005-50 -- 8.3 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in the Slovak Republic, by Income Level -- 8.4 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in the Slovak Republic, by Income Level -- 8.5 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in the Slovak Republic, Europe and Central Asia, and the World -- 8.6 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in the Slovak Republic, by Career Type and Exit Age.

8.7 Projected Fiscal Balance of the Slovak Republic's Public Pension Scheme after Reform, 2005-50 -- 8.8 Net Male Replacement Rates in the Slovak Republic before and after Benefit Adjustment -- 9.1 Sources of Gross Replacement Rates in Slovenia, by Income Level -- 9.2 Sources of Net Replacement Rates in Slovenia, by Income Level -- 9.3 Net Replacement Rates for Male Full-Career Workers in Slovenia, Europe and Central Asia, and the World -- 9.4 Net Replacement Rates for Male Middle-Income Partial-Career Workers in Slovenia, by Career Type and Exit Age -- 9.5 Projected Fiscal Balance of Slovenia's Public Pension Scheme, 2005-50 -- 9.6 Projected Old-Age Dependency Ratio in Slovenia, 2005-50 -- 9.7 Net Replacement Rates for Male Workers in Slovenia before and after Benefit Adjustment -- Tables -- 1.1 Characteristics of Multipillar Pension Reforms in Transition Economies -- 1.2 Structure of Pension Systems in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.3 Taxation of Retirement Savings in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.4 Basic Pension Benefits from the Zero Pillar in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.5 Eligibility for and Benefits Provided by Old-Age Pensions in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.6 Eligibility for and Benefits Provided by Disability Pensions in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.7 Eligibility for and Benefits Provided by Survivor Pensions in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.8 Voluntary Pension Provisions in Eight CESE Countries -- 1.9 Health Care Provisions for Contributors and Retirees in Eight CESE Countries -- 2.1 Fiscal Balance of Bulgaria's Pension System before Reform, 1990-99 -- 2.2 Structure of the Bulgarian Pension System -- 2.3 Parameters of Earnings-Related Schemes in Bulgaria before and after Reform -- 2.4 Characteristics of the Voluntary Scheme in Bulgaria.

2.5 Eligibility Conditions for and Benefits Provided by Disability Pensions under the First Pillar Earnings-Related Scheme in Bulgaria.